LABARUN DAKE JIKIN BISHIYOYIN KUKA 1

BINCIKEN TARIHIN HAUSA: LABARUN DA BISHIYOYIN KUKA KE SANAR MANA.

SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
     08060869978

Kashi na ɗaya.

Kasancewar akwai ilimi acikin kowanne abu, ya kamaci muyi duba ga bishiyoyin kuka don fahimtar iliman da suke sanar mana anan kasar Hausa.
 Domin kuwa kamar yadda masana kimiyyar duwatsu ke cewa akwai tarihi a kowanne dutse, haka ma akwai labari ga mafi yawan rukunonin bishiyoyin kuka anan kasar hausa.
  To amma, wanne labari bishiyoyin suke sanar mana?
1. Ana Gane wanzuwar birnin Hausawa daga kukoki.
   Hakika, kasancewar tun da jimawa, babu shahararrun gine-gine masu kafuwa cikin kasa a kasar hausa, muna iya cewa babu wani ma'auni dake tabbatar mana da wanzuwar tsohuwar rayuwa a kasar hausa sama da rukunin kukoki.
   Ko tantama babu, duk inda aka samu kukoki sun jeru reras, ko sunyi da ira, ko wani abu mai kama da haka, to akwai labarin cewa gari ya taɓa wanzuwa a wannan wuri.

2. Ana sanin Tsufan gari gami da tumbatsar sa daga kukoki.
   Akan haka, munyi duba ga tarihin wasu tsoffin garuruwa anan kasar hausa masu cike da bishiyoyin kukoki, kuma ga ɗan abinda muka samo:-
  I. Sabon Birni
Daga tsoffin biranen dake kasar hausa, akwai wani Sabon Birni a kasar Getso mai cike da kukoki.
  Masana tarihin garin, sun bayyana cewar wasu fulani ne suka kafa shi, waɗanda suka taso daga arewa sama da shekaru ɗari biyar da suka gabata.
   Kasancewar garin fulani irin wannan mai cike da kukoki, yasa akwai zakuwar sanin dalilan fitowar waɗannan kukoki a wannan gari.
  Ada, hasashen mu yafi tafiya akan cewar mu'amala da iskokai ke tilastawa hausawan dauri rayuwa da kukoki a muhallansu, amma samunsu a mtsugunin da tun asali fulani suka kafa, sai yazo da wani sabon abu.
  A bisa jin dalilin fitowar kukokin, Mazauna garin sunce acan baya babu kukoki a wannan wuri kafin ya zama gari, amma kasancewar fulanin da suka zauna a wurin suna amfani da kwalba wajen kaɗa nono ('ya'yan kuka), to idan an zubar dasu a wuri, sai kaga wata bishiyar ta sake tsirowa. Har ma sai da takai ga cewa a kowanne gida, akwai kuka acikinsa. Wani gidan ma har sama da ɗaya akan samu.
  Wanzuwar tsoffin kukoki da kuma yawaitarsu a wannan tsohon gari ke nuna cewar ada-can baya, garin ya cika da gidajen mutane.
  Sai dai, duk da cewar fulanin garin basu taɓa gina ganuwa ba kasancewar su matafiya ba mazauna ba, idan labarin yaki yazo sukan shige birnin getso ne wanda wani bamaguje mai suna Babbaka Toro ya kafa bisa neman mafaka.
   Daga al'adun mutanen garin kuwa, sharo ne yafi shahara, wanda suka ce ada can a duk shekara mutane mata da maza daga garuruwa makwabta na taruwa a kofar gari, kusa da wasu duwatsu ayi kwana biyu ana sharo, ana kiɗan kotso da gangi harma da kiɗan Balaye wadda ake mata  rawar juya-juya.
   Daga wannan garin ne aka samu wani maharbi mai suna Ganjigo ya tashi har yaje ya gina garin walawa a kasar karaye, da kuma wani gari mai suna Kafin Allah Gaba a kasar zazzau.
   Don haka, mazauna garin sun tafi akan cewar babban labarin da kukokin garin ke bayarwa shine jimawar al'umma a cikin sa, domin kuwa saida mutane suka soma zama sannan kukokin garin suka fito.
  Har ma wani dattijo yace akwai wata kuka data fito a gidansu suna yara, sama da shekaru hamsin kenan bata girma ba har zuwa yau, don haka yace tabbas akwai shekaru ɗaruruwa ga waɗannan tsofaffin kukoki na garinsu.
   II. Zangon Dan-Nafada
Shi kuma wannan gari, wani mai suna Madugu ne aka ce ya sare shi shekaru ɗaruruwa da suka shuɗe. Rukunin kukokin da suka zagaye garin kaɗai ya isa ya bada shaidar cewa hausawa sun jima suna rayuwa a wannan gari.
 Akace Wai yayin da Madugu yazo wucewa, sai ya yada zango a wannan wuri, don haka sai ake cewa da wurin zangon madugu. Daga baya sunan garin ya koma Zangon ɗan Nafada.
  A cewar wani mazaunin garin, Babbaka Toro daya sari garin getso, anan ya soma zama tare da Madugu da wasu jama'a kowanne cikin ɗan botonsa, daga bisani ya tashi yaje ya sari Getso.
   Da yake shima wannan gari cike yake da kukoki, mazauna garin sun tabbatar da cewa sai da mutane suka soma zama sannan kukokin suka fito a dalilin zubar da kwallayensu da akeyi ko ina idan an shanye.
  Don haka, tsufan garin na iya zamowa wasu shekaru sama da shekarun kukokin wannan gari kenan..
 A bisa tsoffin hausawa da fulani da muka tambaya, kusan ɗaukacin su sun tafi akan cewa duk kukar daka gani ba'a san sanda aka shukata ba. Dukkan su sun gamsu cewar manyan kukoki masu alamar shekaru, tasowa sukayi suka gansu.
Haka nan, ana iya lura cewar a gonaki da dazuzzuka inda babu mutane dake rayuwa a wurin, ba kasafai bishiyar kuka ke fitowa ba. Amma kuma mafi yawan unguwannin hausa na tsoffin garuruwa na ɗauke da bishiyoyin kokoki. A wani sa'in ma, akan samu bishiyar kuka a kowanne gida, ko kuma a bayan kowanne gida.
Watakila, hakan na nuna cewar sai da mutane suka fara zama a wannan wuri sannan kukokin suka fito.
  Idan kuwa hakan ta tabbata, to zamu iya sanin shekarun kukoki a kasar hausa ta hanyar binciken zamani, sannan da watakila zamu iya sanin jimawar lokacin da hausawa suka fara zama a wannan wuri, tayadda daga bisani zamu gane gari mafi tsufa a kasar hausa.
Idan kuma ta tabbata cewar yawan bishiyoyin kuka ke nuni da yawan mutanen da suka rayu a gari, da shima zai zamo mana ma'auni mafi sauki don gane tsoffin garuruwan da sukafi tumbatsa da mutane shekaru aru-aru da suka wuce..

LABARUN DAKE JIKIN BISHIYOYIN KUKA 2

BINCIKEN TARIHIN HAUSA: LABARUN DA BISHIYOYIN KUKA KE SANAR MANA.

SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
     08060869978

Kashi na biyu.

  3. Kuka abinci da/ko Magani
Ba a iya kasar hausa ba, akwai kabilun duniya mabanbanta da suke mu'amala da bishiyar kuka. Don haka sanin alakar dake tsakanin wasu kabilun da bishiyar kuka zai amfane mu wajen sanin alakar kakannin hausawa da kukoki.
Misali, a kabilar Nkwici ta Kasar Malawi, ana kiran bishiyar Kuka da suna 'Bishiyar Rayuwa'. Saboda a cewar su, bishiyar na baiwa mazauna kauyuka mafaka a zamanin yaki yayin da mahara suka nufosu.
 Sannan ana amfani da ganyenta da kuma 'ya'yanta don yin abinci gami da magani. Har ila yau, akwai canfe-canfe da dama a tattare da ita.
A kasar Madagaskar kuwa, an samu wata gagarumar Bishiyar kuka mai kimanin shekaru dubu uku, tsayinta zai tasamma kafa ɗari, faɗin ta kuwa an kiyasta sai mutane akalla goma sun kama hannuwan juna zasu iya rutsata. Mutanen yankin suna matukar girmama wannan kukar, har suna kiranta da 'Bishiyar Mutuwa', domin anasu fahimtar, duk wanda ya mutu a yankin, nan ruhinsa ke zuwa ya zauna.
A gundumar Linpopo dake South Africa, an samu wata gagarumar Bishiyar kuka. Tsayinta da faɗinta duk sun haura kafa talatin da biyar kowanne. Tana da kogo, wanda aka ayyana cewar mutane acan baya sun maida kogon wajen fira ko wajen fakewa, domin an samu wasu abubuwa irin na sojin-da da kuma abubuwan mu'amala duk aciki. Binciken 'carbon dating' na masana kimiyyar zamani ya kiyasta cewar bishiyar takai kusan kimanin shekaru dubu shida a raye.
Akwai kuma wani abu game da kuka da Marubuci ɗan kasar faransa Richard Mabey ya ruwaito a littafinsa mai suna 'The Caberat of Plant' cewar Giwaye da manyan namun daji suna zuwa jikin kuka susha ruwa tun acan baya. Wai da zarar sun hangota alhali suna cikin ɗimuwar kishi, sai aga sun nufeta da gaggawa, sannan su yage bayanta su soma lasa. ƊDaga bisani bincike ya nuna cewa bishiyar na iya tanajin ruwa sama da lita dubu ɗari gwargwadon girmanta da adadin shekarunta.
  Don haka anan kasar hausa, tun da jimawa hausawa ke amfani da ganyenta wajen yin miyar abinci, 'ya'yanta kuma wajen sha, sannan sassakenta wajen yin magani.  Watakila kuma shiyasa ba'a taɓa raba tsoffin garin hausawa  da kukoki ba, misalin 'Yandoto, Maladawa, Durɓi, Goɗiya, Gaya, Rano, Baɗari da wasunsu.

4. Ana Sanin Matattarar Hausawa a babban gari daga kukoki.

  A dukkan wani gari, akan samu wurin da Jamaa ke taruwa bisa aiwatar da wasu lamurori nasu na al'ada, cinikayayya ko wani abu makamancin haka, don haka a kasar hausa mafi akasari, gindin babbar kuka akan mayar izuwa cibiyar haɗuwa.
   Akwai  a garin Dugabau wata tsohuwar Kuka mai suna Jarmai (yanzu ta faɗi) wadda akace shekaru da jimawa a gindinta sadaukai masu tafiya yaki ko fatake masu kasuwanci ke sauka akan hanyarsu ta zuwa birnin kano.
   Don haka kukar babba ce wadda tafi sauran kukoki tsayi da haɓaka, gamiɓda inuwa wadatacciya.
  Akwai wata tsohuwar kuka kuma a tsakiyar garin Tsaure wadda take matattarar jama'ar garin domin tattauna mas'alolin da suka taso musu kamar yadda Mallam Nura Tsaure ya bamu labari. Irin waɗannan kukoki tsofgi ne, tayadda babu wanda zai iya cewa yasan lokacin da aka shukasu, sai dai a kamanta cewar sheksrunsu yakai arbaminya.
 Watakila kuma bukatar inuwa ke sanya hausawa ɓigewa da zama a karkashin bishiyoyin kukoki, amma tana iya yiwuwa akwai wani canfi mai girma a game da haka.
 5.  Tsohuwar Alakar Hausawa da Iskokai.
  Kasancewar bishiyar kuka na ɗaya daga cikin bishiyoyin da iskokai ke zama a samansu harma akance sarakunan aljannu da yawa sunfi yin fadojinsu akan bishiyar kuka, don haka akwai alamun  jimawar alaka tsakanin hausawa da waɗancan iskokai.
  Mun sani sarai kafin zuwan musulunci kasar hausa cewa ana rayuwa ne acikin irin yanayin mai karfi shine da iko, don haka kusan kowanne mutum na zamanin yana kokarin rikar wani abu na canfi mai jiɓi da iskokai wanda zai rinka bashi kariya aduk sanda ya bukata, tare da bashi biyan bukatarsa.
  Don haka, tana iya yiwuwa wannan canfin ne silar da kusan ɗaukacin hausawan dauri suke shuka bishiyar kuka a muhallinsu domin samun watakariya daga makarai.
Zuwa yamzu dai, akwai bishiyoyin kukoki birjik a ɗaukacin tsoffin biranen hausa, kuma akwai labaru da yawa daga yawa-yawan manyan kukokin cikinsu, tayadda wasu ma zakaji har sunaye aka basu. Ga kaɗan daga sunayen bishiyoyin kukoki masu ɗaƴke da wani labsri anan kasar hausa:- Kukar Boka, Kukar Gajere, kukar mai Rabo, kukar Allah ya isa, Kukar kwanɗi, kukar karaya, kukar bulokiya, kukar jarmai, kukar makuwa, da sauransu.
  Karshen wannan rubutu kenan