Sunday, 10 December 2017

TARIHIN DAULAR ANDALUS 5

Abinka da jinin Sarauta kuma gwanin siyasa da
hikimar shugabanci. Daya fuskanci matsalar dake
faruwa, sai yayi hawa nan-da-nan ya isa ga wani
sarki dan kabilar shamiyum dake zaune a wani
dan tsibiri kusa da inda suke. Ana kiran tsibirin
da suna 'Noorayn', ya gaishe shi, sannan ya nemi
sarkin daya musanya masa dokin da yake hawa
da wani, saboda acewar Abdurrahman, yasha
wahala wajen hayowa kan tsibirin da dokin sa. A
karshe sai sarkin yayi farin ciki da haka, shine
kuma ya baiwa Yarima Abdurrahman kalar dokin
da Larabawan Shamiyum ke hawa shikuma ya
karbi nasa. Wannan abin shine ya kashe rigimar,
bacin ran larabawan ya gushe, suka ji cewar a
shirye suke suyi yaki domin yarima Abdurrahman.
Ana cikin haka sai rundunar Waziri sumayl ta
karaso, itama tazo ne domin ta rufawa Sarki
yusuf Al-fihiri baya a kawar da yarima
Abdurrahman. Babu jimawa kuwa sai yaki ya
kaure. Aka wanzu zubar da jinin sadaukai.
Gumurzu yakai gumurzu. Allah Ta'ala ya baiwa
rundunar Yarima Abdurrahman nasara suka
karkashe dakarun abokan hamayyarsu da dama,
a karshe dole Sarki yusuf al-fihir da Waziri
sumayl suka gudu da wasu 'yan tsirarun
sadaukai, suka bar yankin ma kachokan don tsira
da rayukan su. Yarima Abdurrahman kuwa da
dakarunsa sai suka shiga Birnin Qordoba cikin
murna. Wannan shine usulin yadda yariman ya
kwace babban birnin Qordoba daga hannun Sarki
yusuf.
Bayan wani lokaci, sai Sarki Yusuf Al-fihiri ya
kara hada wata rundunar, sannan ya nufo
Qordoba don maido da ikon sa. A wannan karon
ance yaki akayi har aka kame Sarkin, kuma aka
yi sulhu, akace za'ayi masa daurin talala a
gidansa, zai rinka ganin iyalan sa da yarima
Abdurrahman wanda ya zamo Sarki sau daya a
rana, amma bazai bar garin Qordoba ba don
gudun kada ya kara hado wata rundunar ya dawo
yin yaki.
An fara abin rimi-rimi, daga baya masoyan sa
masu son ya koma karagar mulki suga cewa
hakan fa bazai yiwu ba, suka shirya masa ya
gudu daga garin, yaje ya tara mutane da dakaru
kimanin dubu ashirin, sannan ya kara dawowa
don yin yaki.
A wannan karon ma bai samu nasara ba, domin
an karkashe mutanen sa da yawa, ganin haka
yasa shi guduwa izuwa wani gari mai suna
Toledo, tsohon babban birnin masarautar kenan
alokacin da Sarki Roderick Visigoth ke mulki,
garin da kuma na hannun daman sarki yusuf ke
mulka. Amma duk da haka ance an halaka Sarki
Yusuf a wannan garin, sannan aka kawowa Sarki
abdurrahman kansa, wanda shikuma yasa aka
makala shi ajikin gada don kowa ya gani. Waziri
sumayl kuwa ance kamo shi akayi aka garkame a
kurkuku.
Daga nan fa Abdurrahman ya zamo cikakken
Sarki, ya nada gwamna a Sevilla, sannan ya fara
shirin yadda zai karbe ikon sauran garuruwan
masarautar wadanda gwamnonin su suke biyayya
ga tsohon Sarki Yusuf al-fihiri, kamar garuruwan
Zaragoza, da Toledo, da Barcelona da wasunsu.
Bayan anyi haka ne, sai Sarki Abdurrahman ya
fadawa duniya cewa Umayyad ta Damaskus ta
dawo Andalus, watau kamar canjin waje ta samu
daga Damascus zuwa Andalus, shine kuma ya
aikawa duk wani ba Ummiye cewa ya dawo
masarautar sa da zama. Dan da-nan kuwa jinsin
kuraishawa suka rinka turereniya zuwa garin
tunda daman Abbasiyawa sun tarwatsa su sun
watsu a duniya, a lokacin ne 'yan uwansa mata
suka zo garin Qordoba tare da dansa Sulaiman
wanda rabon daya gansu tun a yankin tekun
Yufrates sanda ya gudu yabar su suna kuka.
Abdurrahman ya rinqa nada 'yan uwansa
Umayyawa a manyan mukamai, saboda acewarsa
zasu fi zamowa masu aminci a gareshi fiye da
kowa.
A shekara ta 763 ne kuma aka ci gaba da
fafatawa. Sarkin Daular Abbasiyawa wadda ta
tashi daga Damaskus zuwa Baghdad mai suna
Al'mansur ya turo gwamnan Afirka mai zama a
kairawani mai suna Al'ala Ibn Mugith don ya
halaka Abdurrahman ya kuma dorawa Andalus
sabon Sarki. Ai kuwa Sarki A'ala ya sauka a wani
waje da ake kira Beja, wanda akace a yanzu yana
yankin kasar portugal ne, a tare dashi akwai
sadaukai kimanin dubu bakwai.
Daga can Qordoba, sai shima sarki Abdurrahman
yayo hawa, ya nufo su domin a gwabza yaki.
Ance a lokacin da Abdurrahman yaji labarin
Sadaukan Abbasiyawa sun isa wani waje mai
suna Karmona inda sukayi kwanton bauna, gashi
ya baro gida babu wani isasshen guzuri na abinci
ga mutanen sa, sai ya tara mutanen sa ya fada
musu cewa lokacin da zasu rinka jira ana kawo
musu hari ya wuce, don haka a maimakon su
rinka jiran mayaka suzo garesu har yunwa ta
galabaitar dasu, dole zasuyi karfin halin kai hari
da kansu. Shine sai ya zabi sadaukai masu iya
fada guda dari bakwai, ya shige gaba suna binsa
a baya har izuwa karmona, sannan suka fadawa
mayakan Abbasiyawa da yaki ba tare da sunyi
tsammani ba.
A wannan yakin abdurrahman yaci gagarumar
Nasara, har ma sai daya datse kan Gwamna
Al'ala ibn Mugith da wasu manyan kwamandojin
abbasiyawa. Sai kawai aka sanya kawunan su
cikin gishiri, aka turawa Sarki almansur da yake a
garin Makka a lokacin inda yake gudanar da aikin
hajji. Ance daya gani sai yayi ajiyar zuciya. Yace
"Alhamdullahi, Allazi ja'alal Bahru
bainana" (Ma'ana, godiya ta tabbata ga Allah
daya sanya akwai teku a tsakanin mu). Saboda
ya tsorata, yana ganin da babu teku,
abdurrahman zai iya kawo hari ya kasheshi a duk
inda yake. Daga nan Al'mansur ya laqabawa
Abdurrahman lambar girma ta "Qasr Quraishin".
A takaice dai, Sarki Abdurrahman yayi yake-yake
da dama. Yayi niyyar zuwa baghadad domin
daukar fansa, amma ya fasa saboda rikicin cikin
gida daya dameshi. Domin kuwa ya rinka samun
'yan tawaye a mulkinsa masu yi masa bore, sai
ya yake su yaci nasara. Haka kuma yayi yaki da
garuruwan dake masarautarsa har sai daya
tabbatar ya karbe mulkin yawa-yawan su, sannan
kuma yayi yaki da 'yan Kabilarsa Umayyawa
masu neman kashe shi don su hau kan sarauta.
A karshe, Sarki Abdurrahman ya gina babban
masallacin dayayi suna a duniya a garin Qordoba,
ya kuma shirya rundunan sojinsa da dakaru
kimanin dubu arba'in. Ya rasu a wajajen shekara
ta 788, dansa Hisham ne ya gaje shi, dansa
Sulaiman kuwa ya nada Gwamnan Toledo tun
yana da rai lokacin daya kwato garin, koda yake
ance bayan rasuwar Uban, sai da sulaimain ya
yaki Hisam, har kuma Hisham din yayi masa
hukuncin daurewa a shekara ta 800. Amma dai
bai kashe shiba.
Masarautar Andalus ta musulunci masarauta ce
ta ilimi, wadda manyan masana suka rayu
akarkashinta, kuma ta wanzu kusan shekaru dari
bakwai tana mulki, domin kuwa lissafin zai faro
ne tun daga shekarar 711 har izuwa shekara ta
1490, sa'ar da Sarki Muhammad XII yayi sulhu da
kiristoci abokan hamayyar sa, watau Sarki
Ferdinan II na argon da kuma Sarauniya Isabella
ta Castle......
Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo

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