TARIHIN DAULAR ANDALUS 1

TARIHIN TSOHUWAR DAULAR MUSULUNCI TA
ANDULUS.
Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
Daular Iberiya ta Sifaniyawa (Dake qasar Spain)
ta wanzu daruruwan shekaru da suka gabata.
Yanki ne mai cike da Ilimi, na kimiyya da Kere-
kere tun tsawon lokaci daya shude. Sai dai daga
baya, bunkasa da izzar daular Rum ta mamaye
wannan daula ta Iberiya, wanda ya tilasta mata
kasancewa a karkashin ta (Rum) na tsawon
lokaci.
Matsaloli da dama sun auku a daular Rum baki
daya. Daman dai ita daula ce wadda ta shahara a
fadin duniya. Sai dai daga bisani yahudawa sama
da miliyan daya sun mamayeta. Sannan rashin
aikin yi yayi tsamari a Kasashen dake karkashin
ikon daular, har dama wata doka da wani Sarki
mai suna Diocletin ya taba kakabawa mai cewa
dole ne dukkan Da ya gaji sana'ar mahaifin sa,
sai hakan ya zamo arziki baya garawa a cikin
al'umma, ga dumbim haraji da sarakuna suka
sanyawa 'yan Kasa, hakan ya tilasta aukuwar
rikice-rikice da rashin zama lafiya a daular.
A wajajen Karni na hudu, sai addinin kirista ya
mamaye wannan daula. Har takai ga sarakunan
Rum sun Ayyana kiristanci a matsayin addinin
Masarauta wanda dole duk dan kasa ya karba.
Kafin Karni na bakwai, kiristanci ya shafe dukkan
yankin Italy, spain, portugal da france.a lokacin
kuma daular Rum ta fara sanyi, daular iberiya ta
sifen kuma ta fara cin gashin kanta. Inda har
akace kiristocin Spain sun hade kansu akan kin
jinin yahudawa. Sarakunan su kuma suna sanya
doka mai tsanani wadda take tilasta mutum yin
addinin Yesu Kiristi. Kamar misalin dokar da
Sarki Sisebu ya sanya a shekarar 616, mai cewa
ayiwa duk bayahuden daya ki karbar kiristanci
bulala dari a sake shi. Sannan a kara kamo shi
daga baya, a hallaka shi idan yaki karba. Da
kuma wata dokar ta 'Judaeorum Pestis' da Sarki
Erwig ya kaddamar a shekara ta 680, wadda take
cewa dole duk wani bayahude ya amshi kiristanci
ko kuma yabar Kasar Sifen. Sannan akasa dokar
kwace yaran yahudawa idan suka isa shekaru
bakwai a damkasu ga yahudawa. Wannan sai
yasa yankin sifen yayiwa yahudawa tsamari, ala
tilas suka rinka yin gudun hijira izuwa garufuwan
larabawa dake Arewacin Afirka, musamman ma
Kasashen Egypt da syria.
Daga baya kuma sun dan hada wata runduna
sukayi yunkurin dawowa Sifen da italy don
kwatar yanki, amma hakan su ya kasa cimma
ruwa.
Adai-dai lokacin da ake wannan a Sifen,
musulunci kuma ya kafu kuma har ya fara
bazuwa. Annabi Muhammad (S.a.w) yayi wafati
a wajajen shekara ta 632, inda Sayyidina
Abubakar Assiddique ya Halifance shi, tun
alokacin an samu wasu musulmai da suka bar
garuruwan makkah da madina izuwa sassan
duniya domin yada addinin Allah.
Masana Tarihin musulunci irinsu Imam Jarir Al
Tabari, da Imam Ibn kathir sun tafi akan cewa
Musulunci ya fara isuwa daular Iberiya dake
Sifen shekaru 32 bayan Hijirar Annabi
Muhammad (s.a.w) (shekaru ashirin da daya
kenan bayan Hijira, kuma shekara ta 643 wanda
tayi dai-dai da lokacin Halifancin Sayyidina Umar
R.A kenan) inda sukace Abdullahi Ibn Nafi-al
Husayn da Abdullahi Ibn Nafi'al Qaiys ne suka
jagoranci tawagar karbe iko da daular Iberiya.
Amma daga bisani, masanan tarihin zamani sun
musunta wannan batu, sun kuma sauyashi da
makamancin sa.
A cewar su, ai daman tun shekara ta 633 (A
lokacin halifancin Sayyidina Abubakar R.A) an
samu wasu larabawa makiyaya da ake kira
'Ashaa'ir' (Bedoween) wadanda suka fita wajen
Madina suna yada addinin musulunci. Don haka a
kasa da shekaru goma, sai aka samu cewa
musulunci ya yadu a wasu garuruwan Bezantin
dake tsakankanin kasashen turai dana Morocco.
A wajajen shekara ta 661 kuwa, musulunci ya
zauna daram a kasashen arewacin Afirka, ciki
kuwa har da sassan Libya.
Don haka suka cigaba da cewa a shekara ta 644,
daf da rasuwar Sayyidina Omar bayan an sokeshi
da wuka, sai daya tara manyan Sahabbai shidda
yace su fitar da Halifa, yayin da suka zabi
Sayyidina Usman (R.A) don ya gaje shi. Wannan
shine asalin fara shugabancin banu Umayya
(Umayyad) jinsin khuraishawa, 'yan uwan Manzon
Allah Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w). Daga nan abu
yayi karfi a shekara ta 661 lokacin da Fitina ta
farko fa fara aukuwa a musulunci, Sahabi
Mu'awiya ya mayar da halifanci kasar syria,
birnin Damascus. Sai aka sanyawa daular suna
Daular Umayyawa.
To daga wannan lokacin, sai ya zamana daular
musulunci ta Umayyad na tura dakaru yaki don
fadada daular gami da yada musulunci. A kan
haka ne tayi karfin da duk sauran dauloli ita suke
bi, tun daga kan Iran, fasha, Kairawani da sauran
su. A farkon karni na takwas, daular Umayyad ta
kwace garin Sebta (Ceuta) daka karkashin
Rumawa. Wannan kuwa babbar nasara ce, domin
garin ya zamo mafaka ga Sifaniyawa da
yahudawa daga yakokin dake wanzuwa a daular
Iberiya ta sifain din.
Abinda ya faru kuwa shine, Sarki Visigoth
Roderick ne ya zamo Sarkin daular Iberiyan,
wanda wasu suka ce bajamushe ne, shine kuma
wanda ya shiga uzzuruwa Sifaniyawa da cin
mutunci. A ciki ma ance har 'yar kwamandan
yakin sifaniyawa dake Sebta mai Suna Julien
yayiwa fyade, don haka sai wani kwamandan yaki
na daular Umayyad mai suna Tariq Ibn Ziyad ya
jagoranci tawaga bisa sahalewar Sarkin daular
Umayyad Alwalid, suka hadu da sifaniyawan
Sebta suka yaki Sarki Roderick, ala tilas suka
koreshi a wani gagarumin yaki da suka gwabza,
mai lakabin 'Battle of Guadeleta'.
Bayan gama wannan yaki, sai kuma Sarkin
Kairawan mai mulkin Afirka ta arewa mai suna
Musa Ibn Nusayr wanda shima yake biyayya ga
daular Umayyad, ya kawo dauki, daga nan sai
suka wanzu cinye garuruwan Sifen suna dora
sarakuna musulmai. Hakan kamar misalin fadada
girman daular Umayyad ne, amma kuma sai suka
lakabawa yankin suna ANDALUZ. Wannan shine
usulun kafuwar daular ita kanta...
Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo