TARIHIN ANDALUZ: TSOHUWAR DAULAR
MUSULUNCI DATA WANZU A SPAIN
Kashi na Biyu
Daga SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO
Bayan Kwamandan Berber na Andaluz, Tariq ibn
Ziyad da hadin guiwar Gwamnan Afirka Musa Ibn
Nusair sun ci gagarumin yanki a daular iberiya ta
sifen, kuma sun sanyawa wurin suna Andaluz, sai
aka baiwa wani Kwamanda a rundunar
Umayyawa Gwamnan Qordoba, garin da suka
maishe shi babban birnin masarautar andaluz,
aka dora dan Gwamna Musa Abdul'aziz Ibn Musa
ibn Nusayr gwamnan savilla, wani babban birni
dake masarautar, aka dora shugabanni a sauran
garuruwan da aka kwace kuma, sai suka juya
suka nufi Damascus domin sanar da Shugaban
musulunci halin da ake ciki.
Wannan fa wani yunkuri ne na daular Umayyad
na fadada girman ta gami da cusa musulunci a
sassan duniya. Tunda a shekarar 712 ma, wani
babban kwamandan yaki na daular umayyad din
mai suna muhammad bn Qasim ya tafi da dakaru
saman tekun fasha, inda sukayi yaki har suka
kwace yankin Sidh dana Punjab dake Hindu,
sannan suka rinka yake-yake da sarakunan
arewaci da kudancin hindu, watau sarki
Nagabhata na masarautar Chalukya, da Sarki
Vikramadutya na biyu na masarautar Gurjara
pratihara, wadanda akarshe basu samu nasarar
kwace daulolin biyu ba.
Don haka a lokacin da Musa da Tarif suka dawo,
sai Khalifan Damaskus yayi kishin abinda Musa
yayi ba tare da Izinin sa ba, shine ya sa aka
daure Gwamna Musa a kurkuku, Tariq kuma ya
bar garin tare da yin ritaya. A shekara ta 716
kuma sai Gwamnan Damaskus din dai ya tura
aka kashe Gwamna Abdul'aziz dan Musa ibn
Nusayr a Savilla, yana masallaci. Daga nan kuma
ya zamo daular kachokan ta zamo a hannun
Masarautar Damaskus, ita ke dora gwamna, itace
kuma ke saukewa.
A wajajen shekara ta 745 kuma, wata kabilar
larabawa ta bijiro daga tsatson Oqba Ibn Nafi Al-
fihri, wadda akewa laqabi da fihriyawa, wadda
kuma ta kwace shugabancin Afirka dana
Qordoba, wadanda ke karkashin daular Umayyad.
Wani mai suna Abdurrahman Ibn Habib al-fihir
shine ya zamo gwamnan Kairawani ta Afirka
(inda musa ibn nusayr yake mulki a baya), sai
kuma yusuf al-fihiri wanda ya zamo gwamnan
Andaluz. Don haka a shekarar 748 lokacin da
Abbasiyawa suka kwace mulki, sai fihriyawa suka
turawa Abbasiyya sakon mubaya'a tare da son
tafiya tare, amma sai Sarkin Abbasiyawa yace
sam ba za'ayi haka ba, dole sarakunan su sauka
shikuma ya nada nasa. Wannan yasa fihriyawa
suka ayyana yaki tsakanin su da Abbasiyawa, har
kuma sukayi shelar cewa dukkan wani Ba-
ummiye (baquraishen Umayyun) daya shiga
wadannan masarautun zai samu mafaka. Koda
yake, ance daga baya Sarakunan sun canza
shawara, saboda suna tunanin idan Jinin
Umayyawa sukayi yawa a Kasarsu, saboda farin
jininsu ga al'umma, zasu iya tada bore har su
kwace mulki daga hannun su.
A wannan shekara ta 748 ne Jinsin Abbasiyawa
suka karbe mulkin daular musulunci da
Umayyawa ke mulka a damascus wadda ta samo
usuli daga sahabi Mu'awiyya (R.A) bakuraishe
jinin annabi (s.a.w). Abbasiyawa sun fara
mulkinsu anan damskus din kafin daga baya su
dauke daular daga Damaskus din su maishe ta
Baghdad. (Wannan rigima fa dadaddiya ce,
warwareta ba abune mai sauqi ba, amma dai
itace ta samo asali tun daga Usulin Shi'atu Ali,
har zuwa Kharijawa, har kuwa Abbasiyawa
kuma).
Sai dai akwai Yariman daular Umayyad mai suna
Abdurrahman, wanda yake da ne ga tsohon
Sarkin daular Umayyad ta Damaskus mai suna
Mu'awiyya ibn Hisham. Kuma ana masa zaton
hawan mulki idan Al-walid ya mutu, saboda ance
tun yana yaro ake ganin alamomin Sarauta a jikin
sa. Don haka yadda abbasiyawa suka karbe mulki
kuma suke karkashe Umayyawa, ga labari yazo
masa kuma cewa Sarkin Abbasiyawa Al-mansur
ya tura dakaru don akawo masa kawunan
Umayyawa, hakan yasa ya sulale daga garin
damaskus, a tare dashi akwai dansa sulaiman
dan shekaru hudu, da kaninsa Yusuf da
(kannensa)'yan uwansa mata, da kuma wani
yaron sa baturen girka mai suna Bedr.
Ance sun sauka ne a tekun Yufret, suka shiga
wani kauye suka buya. Daga bisani dakarun
Abbasiyawa masu neman su suka ji labari, suka
iso kauyen don su kashe su, amma akayi sa'a
Abdurrahman da Bedr da yusuf suka tsere, suka
bar dansa da 'yan uwansa mata a kauyen. Suka
bi ta wani kauye, dakarun na biye dasu har izuwa
bakin teku. Daganan sai kawai suka shiga tekun
yufret din suna bundun-bundun don su samu
damar tsallakawa izuwa gaba, yayin da dakarun
ke tsaye a gefe suna musu lallamin cewa su fito
babu abinda zai samesu. Ance Yusuf ya fara iyo
amma ya gaji, sai yaji tsoron zai nutse, don haka
ya koma baya wurin dakarun abbasiyawa, yayin
da Abdurrhaman ke kiransa da kada yaji maganar
su, kamar yadda wani masanin tarihi Ahmed
muhammad Al moqqari ya ruwaito cewa
Abdurrahman yana cewa yusif "Dan uwana, kazo
gareni. Ya kai dan uwana, kazo gareni". Amma
ina, bakin alkalami ya bushe, sai daya isa garesu.
Yana zuwa gare kuwa sai suka kamashi, suka
datse wuyansa tare da jefar da gangar jikinsa
anan, suka tafi da kan don nunawa sarkin su.
Abdurrahman da Bedar sun tsira amma fa da
kyar, domin kuwa an ruwaito Abdurrahman din
yana bada labari alokacin daya zamo Sarkin
daular Anduluz bakuraishe na farko yana cewa
bai taba tsammanin zai tsira ba, domin bayan sun
tsallake gabar teku suna iyo, sai da sukayi gudu
kamar ransu zai fita.
Abdurrahman da Bedar suka cigaba da tafiya
bayan sun tsallake tekun yufrat. Suka shiga ta
Falasdinu, suka shige sinai, da egypt, suka shiga
kasar tunisiya suna ta kokarin isa Kairawani,
tunda mahaifiyarsa Berber ce kuma 'yar garin ce,
kuma yaji labarin Sarki Abdurrahaman al fihiri
yace zai baiwa Umayyawa mafaka, bai ji labarin
sarkin ya sauya shawara ba. Bayan wani lokaci
suka isa wani gari mai suna Kabili, wanda yake
kusa da Kairawani. Anan ne Kwamandan sojojin
Berber ya sauke su acikin dakarunsa, sai dai
kuma labari yana isa ga Sarki Abdurman al fihri
na kairawani cewa yarima Abdurrahman ya sauka
acikin sojojin sa dake kabili, sai nan da nan ya
aiko cewa ayi gaggawar kama masa
Abdurrahman akai masa shi. Ance da daddare
matar kwamandan mai suna Tekfah ta taimaka
musu, inda suka yi shigar mata suka gudu ba
tare da kowa ya sani ba.
Don haka, daga wannan tsiran nasu, sai sukayi
yamma. Abdurrahman yace babu inda zasu nufa
sai Andalus, komai zai faru gara ya faru...
Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
MUSULUNCI DATA WANZU A SPAIN
Kashi na Biyu
Daga SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO
Bayan Kwamandan Berber na Andaluz, Tariq ibn
Ziyad da hadin guiwar Gwamnan Afirka Musa Ibn
Nusair sun ci gagarumin yanki a daular iberiya ta
sifen, kuma sun sanyawa wurin suna Andaluz, sai
aka baiwa wani Kwamanda a rundunar
Umayyawa Gwamnan Qordoba, garin da suka
maishe shi babban birnin masarautar andaluz,
aka dora dan Gwamna Musa Abdul'aziz Ibn Musa
ibn Nusayr gwamnan savilla, wani babban birni
dake masarautar, aka dora shugabanni a sauran
garuruwan da aka kwace kuma, sai suka juya
suka nufi Damascus domin sanar da Shugaban
musulunci halin da ake ciki.
Wannan fa wani yunkuri ne na daular Umayyad
na fadada girman ta gami da cusa musulunci a
sassan duniya. Tunda a shekarar 712 ma, wani
babban kwamandan yaki na daular umayyad din
mai suna muhammad bn Qasim ya tafi da dakaru
saman tekun fasha, inda sukayi yaki har suka
kwace yankin Sidh dana Punjab dake Hindu,
sannan suka rinka yake-yake da sarakunan
arewaci da kudancin hindu, watau sarki
Nagabhata na masarautar Chalukya, da Sarki
Vikramadutya na biyu na masarautar Gurjara
pratihara, wadanda akarshe basu samu nasarar
kwace daulolin biyu ba.
Don haka a lokacin da Musa da Tarif suka dawo,
sai Khalifan Damaskus yayi kishin abinda Musa
yayi ba tare da Izinin sa ba, shine ya sa aka
daure Gwamna Musa a kurkuku, Tariq kuma ya
bar garin tare da yin ritaya. A shekara ta 716
kuma sai Gwamnan Damaskus din dai ya tura
aka kashe Gwamna Abdul'aziz dan Musa ibn
Nusayr a Savilla, yana masallaci. Daga nan kuma
ya zamo daular kachokan ta zamo a hannun
Masarautar Damaskus, ita ke dora gwamna, itace
kuma ke saukewa.
A wajajen shekara ta 745 kuma, wata kabilar
larabawa ta bijiro daga tsatson Oqba Ibn Nafi Al-
fihri, wadda akewa laqabi da fihriyawa, wadda
kuma ta kwace shugabancin Afirka dana
Qordoba, wadanda ke karkashin daular Umayyad.
Wani mai suna Abdurrahman Ibn Habib al-fihir
shine ya zamo gwamnan Kairawani ta Afirka
(inda musa ibn nusayr yake mulki a baya), sai
kuma yusuf al-fihiri wanda ya zamo gwamnan
Andaluz. Don haka a shekarar 748 lokacin da
Abbasiyawa suka kwace mulki, sai fihriyawa suka
turawa Abbasiyya sakon mubaya'a tare da son
tafiya tare, amma sai Sarkin Abbasiyawa yace
sam ba za'ayi haka ba, dole sarakunan su sauka
shikuma ya nada nasa. Wannan yasa fihriyawa
suka ayyana yaki tsakanin su da Abbasiyawa, har
kuma sukayi shelar cewa dukkan wani Ba-
ummiye (baquraishen Umayyun) daya shiga
wadannan masarautun zai samu mafaka. Koda
yake, ance daga baya Sarakunan sun canza
shawara, saboda suna tunanin idan Jinin
Umayyawa sukayi yawa a Kasarsu, saboda farin
jininsu ga al'umma, zasu iya tada bore har su
kwace mulki daga hannun su.
A wannan shekara ta 748 ne Jinsin Abbasiyawa
suka karbe mulkin daular musulunci da
Umayyawa ke mulka a damascus wadda ta samo
usuli daga sahabi Mu'awiyya (R.A) bakuraishe
jinin annabi (s.a.w). Abbasiyawa sun fara
mulkinsu anan damskus din kafin daga baya su
dauke daular daga Damaskus din su maishe ta
Baghdad. (Wannan rigima fa dadaddiya ce,
warwareta ba abune mai sauqi ba, amma dai
itace ta samo asali tun daga Usulin Shi'atu Ali,
har zuwa Kharijawa, har kuwa Abbasiyawa
kuma).
Sai dai akwai Yariman daular Umayyad mai suna
Abdurrahman, wanda yake da ne ga tsohon
Sarkin daular Umayyad ta Damaskus mai suna
Mu'awiyya ibn Hisham. Kuma ana masa zaton
hawan mulki idan Al-walid ya mutu, saboda ance
tun yana yaro ake ganin alamomin Sarauta a jikin
sa. Don haka yadda abbasiyawa suka karbe mulki
kuma suke karkashe Umayyawa, ga labari yazo
masa kuma cewa Sarkin Abbasiyawa Al-mansur
ya tura dakaru don akawo masa kawunan
Umayyawa, hakan yasa ya sulale daga garin
damaskus, a tare dashi akwai dansa sulaiman
dan shekaru hudu, da kaninsa Yusuf da
(kannensa)'yan uwansa mata, da kuma wani
yaron sa baturen girka mai suna Bedr.
Ance sun sauka ne a tekun Yufret, suka shiga
wani kauye suka buya. Daga bisani dakarun
Abbasiyawa masu neman su suka ji labari, suka
iso kauyen don su kashe su, amma akayi sa'a
Abdurrahman da Bedr da yusuf suka tsere, suka
bar dansa da 'yan uwansa mata a kauyen. Suka
bi ta wani kauye, dakarun na biye dasu har izuwa
bakin teku. Daganan sai kawai suka shiga tekun
yufret din suna bundun-bundun don su samu
damar tsallakawa izuwa gaba, yayin da dakarun
ke tsaye a gefe suna musu lallamin cewa su fito
babu abinda zai samesu. Ance Yusuf ya fara iyo
amma ya gaji, sai yaji tsoron zai nutse, don haka
ya koma baya wurin dakarun abbasiyawa, yayin
da Abdurrhaman ke kiransa da kada yaji maganar
su, kamar yadda wani masanin tarihi Ahmed
muhammad Al moqqari ya ruwaito cewa
Abdurrahman yana cewa yusif "Dan uwana, kazo
gareni. Ya kai dan uwana, kazo gareni". Amma
ina, bakin alkalami ya bushe, sai daya isa garesu.
Yana zuwa gare kuwa sai suka kamashi, suka
datse wuyansa tare da jefar da gangar jikinsa
anan, suka tafi da kan don nunawa sarkin su.
Abdurrahman da Bedar sun tsira amma fa da
kyar, domin kuwa an ruwaito Abdurrahman din
yana bada labari alokacin daya zamo Sarkin
daular Anduluz bakuraishe na farko yana cewa
bai taba tsammanin zai tsira ba, domin bayan sun
tsallake gabar teku suna iyo, sai da sukayi gudu
kamar ransu zai fita.
Abdurrahman da Bedar suka cigaba da tafiya
bayan sun tsallake tekun yufrat. Suka shiga ta
Falasdinu, suka shige sinai, da egypt, suka shiga
kasar tunisiya suna ta kokarin isa Kairawani,
tunda mahaifiyarsa Berber ce kuma 'yar garin ce,
kuma yaji labarin Sarki Abdurrahaman al fihiri
yace zai baiwa Umayyawa mafaka, bai ji labarin
sarkin ya sauya shawara ba. Bayan wani lokaci
suka isa wani gari mai suna Kabili, wanda yake
kusa da Kairawani. Anan ne Kwamandan sojojin
Berber ya sauke su acikin dakarunsa, sai dai
kuma labari yana isa ga Sarki Abdurman al fihri
na kairawani cewa yarima Abdurrahman ya sauka
acikin sojojin sa dake kabili, sai nan da nan ya
aiko cewa ayi gaggawar kama masa
Abdurrahman akai masa shi. Ance da daddare
matar kwamandan mai suna Tekfah ta taimaka
musu, inda suka yi shigar mata suka gudu ba
tare da kowa ya sani ba.
Don haka, daga wannan tsiran nasu, sai sukayi
yamma. Abdurrahman yace babu inda zasu nufa
sai Andalus, komai zai faru gara ya faru...
Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
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