ƘABILAR MAASAI: DALILIN SHAN JINI DA KIWON SHANU
Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo, GGA
Maasinta, shine ake ɗauka Uba kuma wanda ya samar da tsatson ƙabilar Maasai, ance ya samu kyautar shanu ne daga Ngai – Ubangijin sama- wanda ya sauko da shanun daga sama zuwa ƙasa acikin salkar fata.
Tun daga wannan lokacin suke kallon shanu a matsayin tsarkakku, kuma darajar su tana kaiwa kafaɗa da kafaɗa data ƴaƴansu. Hakika yawan yara da yawan shanu ke nuni da tumbatsar mutumin ƙabilar Maasai.
Dajin da ya ratsa shahararrun yankunan Ngorongoro, Amboseli, Serengeti, Masai Mara da Tsavo dukkan su nan ne wuraren kiwon alummar Maasai. Kabilar Maasai na amfani da yaren Maa ne, kuma ana samun su a yankunan kasashen Kenya da Tanzania.
Haka Kuma duk da yadda sauyin zamani ke tunkuɗe al'adu ga ƙabilun duniya, amma kabilar Maasai suna yaƙi tukuru wajen kere al'adun su na kaka da kakanni, don haka suka yi shura a cikin ƙabilun kudancin afirka musamman wajen kiwon shanun su, tafiya bisa tituna ko rawar adumu.
Daga cikin shahararrun al'adun gargajiya na ƙabilar Maasai akwai rawar tsalle ta adumu, sanya tufar 'shuka' mai kaloli, da yin kaki ko kuma kwankwaɗar jini.
Adamu shine sunan rawar tsalle-tsalle da akeyi a matsayin biki yayin da yara matasa suka zama mahankalta waɗanda suka isa aure. Ana rera wakoki nangargajiya yayin bikin, sannan wanda tsallen sa yafi na kowa shine yayi nasara, kuma shi ke samun macen aure da tafi ta saura.
Kalar tufafin shuka da suka fi sanyawa itace Ja, wadda take wakiltar jini, kuma take a matsayin kariya a garesu ga namun daji. Yayin da shuɗiya ke nufin sararin sama wadda ke samar da ruwan sama ga shanu. Kalar rawaya kuwa na nufin haihuwa da girma. Baki ɗayan waɗannan tufafi na su ke ƙara musu keɓantaka a cikin ƙabilun afirka.
Kasancewar a cikin wasu ƙabilun ana ƙyamar kaki, amma a Maasai shi abin so ne, domin babban abin girmamawa ne idan zaka gaisa da mutumin da kake girmamawa sai kayi kaki ka tofa a tafin hannu sannan ka miƙa masa hannun ku gaisa. Hakan na nufin share dukkan wani sharri daga tafin hannun, haka kuma idan kaje barka sai ka tofa kakin ka a goshin yaron sannan ka nuna soyayyar ka a gare shi. Shan jini kuwa wani abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a garesu.
Don haka alummar ƙabilar Maasai na shan jini ne a matsayin sinadarin ƙara lafiya da kuzari. Jinin da suka fi sha kuwa shine na saniya, wanda har sukan gauraya shi da madara su kwankwaɗa abinsu a duk sanda suke so.
Zuwa yanzu kabilar ta rarrabu zuwa 21 kamar haka, kuma kowacce na da ɗan sirkin al'adu da saura:- Keekonyokie, Damat, Purko, Wuasinkishu, Siria, Laitayiok, Loitai, Kisonko, Matapato, Dalalekutuk, Loodokolani, Kaputiei, Moitanik, Ilkirasha, Samburu, Lchamus, Laikipia, Loitokitoki, Larusa, Salei, Sirinket and Parakuyo
Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo, GGA
Maasinta, shine ake ɗauka Uba kuma wanda ya samar da tsatson ƙabilar Maasai, ance ya samu kyautar shanu ne daga Ngai – Ubangijin sama- wanda ya sauko da shanun daga sama zuwa ƙasa acikin salkar fata.
Tun daga wannan lokacin suke kallon shanu a matsayin tsarkakku, kuma darajar su tana kaiwa kafaɗa da kafaɗa data ƴaƴansu. Hakika yawan yara da yawan shanu ke nuni da tumbatsar mutumin ƙabilar Maasai.
Dajin da ya ratsa shahararrun yankunan Ngorongoro, Amboseli, Serengeti, Masai Mara da Tsavo dukkan su nan ne wuraren kiwon alummar Maasai. Kabilar Maasai na amfani da yaren Maa ne, kuma ana samun su a yankunan kasashen Kenya da Tanzania.
Haka Kuma duk da yadda sauyin zamani ke tunkuɗe al'adu ga ƙabilun duniya, amma kabilar Maasai suna yaƙi tukuru wajen kere al'adun su na kaka da kakanni, don haka suka yi shura a cikin ƙabilun kudancin afirka musamman wajen kiwon shanun su, tafiya bisa tituna ko rawar adumu.
Daga cikin shahararrun al'adun gargajiya na ƙabilar Maasai akwai rawar tsalle ta adumu, sanya tufar 'shuka' mai kaloli, da yin kaki ko kuma kwankwaɗar jini.
Adamu shine sunan rawar tsalle-tsalle da akeyi a matsayin biki yayin da yara matasa suka zama mahankalta waɗanda suka isa aure. Ana rera wakoki nangargajiya yayin bikin, sannan wanda tsallen sa yafi na kowa shine yayi nasara, kuma shi ke samun macen aure da tafi ta saura.
Kalar tufafin shuka da suka fi sanyawa itace Ja, wadda take wakiltar jini, kuma take a matsayin kariya a garesu ga namun daji. Yayin da shuɗiya ke nufin sararin sama wadda ke samar da ruwan sama ga shanu. Kalar rawaya kuwa na nufin haihuwa da girma. Baki ɗayan waɗannan tufafi na su ke ƙara musu keɓantaka a cikin ƙabilun afirka.
Kasancewar a cikin wasu ƙabilun ana ƙyamar kaki, amma a Maasai shi abin so ne, domin babban abin girmamawa ne idan zaka gaisa da mutumin da kake girmamawa sai kayi kaki ka tofa a tafin hannu sannan ka miƙa masa hannun ku gaisa. Hakan na nufin share dukkan wani sharri daga tafin hannun, haka kuma idan kaje barka sai ka tofa kakin ka a goshin yaron sannan ka nuna soyayyar ka a gare shi. Shan jini kuwa wani abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a garesu.
Don haka alummar ƙabilar Maasai na shan jini ne a matsayin sinadarin ƙara lafiya da kuzari. Jinin da suka fi sha kuwa shine na saniya, wanda har sukan gauraya shi da madara su kwankwaɗa abinsu a duk sanda suke so.
Zuwa yanzu kabilar ta rarrabu zuwa 21 kamar haka, kuma kowacce na da ɗan sirkin al'adu da saura:- Keekonyokie, Damat, Purko, Wuasinkishu, Siria, Laitayiok, Loitai, Kisonko, Matapato, Dalalekutuk, Loodokolani, Kaputiei, Moitanik, Ilkirasha, Samburu, Lchamus, Laikipia, Loitokitoki, Larusa, Salei, Sirinket and Parakuyo
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