Tarihi Abin Tunawa: Yadda Mulkin Mallaka a Nigeria ya kasance kafin bada 'yancin kai.
Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
Alhamdullah. Shekaru da dama da suka gabata, yankunan da suka hadu suka bada Kasa mai suna Nigeria, suna karbar bak'una daga sassa manambata na duniya.
A baya-baya nan, wajajen shekara ta 1807, lokacin da masarautar Edu ke kan sharafi, turawa na zuwa yankin dominbdillancin bayi izuwa turai. Daga bayaya kuma, sai kamfanin Oil River Protectorant ya kafu a lagos, a shekara taa1861 bayan karyewar waccan masarauta ta edo. Daga baya kuma sai kamfanin Royal Oil company ya wanzu a wajajen Shekara ta 1886 wanda mulkin wasu sassan kasar ya koma karkashin jagorancin George Taubman Goldie mai rike da shugabancin kamfanin kenan, shima daga bisani ya gusa inda wasu kamfanonin suka kafu. A takaice dai, daga shekara ta 1900 kafin fara mulkin mallaka, kamfanoni biyu ke mulkar sassan Nigeria guda biyu, watau Southern Protectorant Company a kudu, sai kuma Northern protectorant Company a arewacin kasar, masu kamfanonin sun kasance turawan Ingila, sune kuma jagorori masu kula da siye da siyarwa a yankunan. Suna da sojoji da kayan yaki, tayadda suke amfani da karfinsu wqjen maganin duk wata barazana.
Ance a shekarar 1884 ne yayin watavtattaunawa ysakankanin manyan kasasjen duniya na wancan lokacin a birnin Berlin na kasar Jamus, akayi kasagin yankunan Afirka don farq gudanar musu da mulkin mallaka. Yankunan Nigeria na kudu da arewa duk sun ada ne a hannun turawa sabanin yankin Niger daya fada a hannun fasansa da kuma yankin Cameroon daya fada hamnun Jamus.
Kasancewar hhaka yasa Ingilabtayibshawarar hade yankunam wuri daya. An fara wannan aiki tun a shekarar 1912, amma bai tabbata ba sai a shekarar 1914, lokacin da aka baiwa tsohon shugaban Mulkin mallaka a Hongkong, Sir Lord Lugard mukamin gwamna janar wanda zai jagoranci aarewaci da kudancin kasar bisa umarnin da zai rinka amsa daga can kasar ta ingila. Hakan na nufin Ingila ta karbe ikon mulki daga hannun kowa, yanzu abinda takesp shi yaza'ayi a yankin.
Ance babban abin tunawa da Gwamna Lugard a iya aaman da yayi a Lagos yana shugabanci shine kokarinsa na dakatar da cinikin bayi da kkuma tabbatar da yankunan sun zamo a hade. Masanan tarihi sun bayyana Lugard da mutum ne tsatstsqura wanda baya jure raini daga bakar fata. Sannan kuma dukbda kasancewar sa ya taba rike mukamin gwamnan arewa a baya, ance yafi yiwa kudancin kasar aiki. Dalilin hakan na cikin wanibtsari daya kafa bisa sahhalewar ingila, cewa jowanne yanki zai rinka sqmun aikace-aikace ne bisa harajin da suke tarawa. A wancan lokacin ana samun haraji mai yawa daga hada-hadar giya a kudu, amma a arewa giya abar jyama ce saboda musulunci.
Matar Gwamna Lugard mqi suna Flora Shaw wadda akace yar jarida ce ta kamfanin 'The Times' tavrinka taimakonsa wajen gudanar da nulki. Itace kuma ta lakabawa wannan kasa sunan Nigeria.
A zamanin mulkin Lugard ne yakin Adubi ya barke a kudancin kasar. Inda jabilar Egba ta yankin yarabawa suka dauki makamaibtare da lalata titunan layin dogo (jiragwn kasa) da kuma hallaka wasu turawa masu wakiltar ingila dake zama a yankin nasu. Dalilinsu nayin haka shine uzzura musu da akeyi wajen karbar haraji, da kuma tilasta musu bisa yin aiki ga turawa. Kanar misalin layin dogo, duk yan kasa turaqan ke tursasa suyi.
Gwamna Lugard dai bai saurarawq mutanen nan ba. Inda ya taso rubdunar soji tazp yankin ta yakesu, kuma taci galaba akansu. Allahu Akbar!
Gwamna Lugard ya rinka turawa Ingila bayanan dik wani abu dayayi a shekara. Wani Kundi mai suna 'Blue Book' a 'Encyclopedia Britannica' ya nuna yadda takardun nasa suka rinka kasancewa. A ra'ayinsa kuma, bai dauki bakar fata mutun kamar baturen ingila ba. Saboda yace bakaken fata nada rauni, idan kabasu fuska rainaka zasuyi. Idan kabasu dama kuma yakar ka zasuyi. Shiyasa ya hana baiwa bakar fata ko daya shugabanci a zamaninsa. Ya kirkiri mahalisar zartaswa, amma babu bakar fata wakili koda guda daya, sai dai wata majalisa kurum ta jeka-na-yika daya kafa wadda aka tsulma sarakunan mulki aciki, sukuwa basu da ikon cewa kanzil wajen aiwatar wa, sai dai sujira umarni kurum daga gareshi.
Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
Alhamdullah. Shekaru da dama da suka gabata, yankunan da suka hadu suka bada Kasa mai suna Nigeria, suna karbar bak'una daga sassa manambata na duniya.
A baya-baya nan, wajajen shekara ta 1807, lokacin da masarautar Edu ke kan sharafi, turawa na zuwa yankin dominbdillancin bayi izuwa turai. Daga bayaya kuma, sai kamfanin Oil River Protectorant ya kafu a lagos, a shekara taa1861 bayan karyewar waccan masarauta ta edo. Daga baya kuma sai kamfanin Royal Oil company ya wanzu a wajajen Shekara ta 1886 wanda mulkin wasu sassan kasar ya koma karkashin jagorancin George Taubman Goldie mai rike da shugabancin kamfanin kenan, shima daga bisani ya gusa inda wasu kamfanonin suka kafu. A takaice dai, daga shekara ta 1900 kafin fara mulkin mallaka, kamfanoni biyu ke mulkar sassan Nigeria guda biyu, watau Southern Protectorant Company a kudu, sai kuma Northern protectorant Company a arewacin kasar, masu kamfanonin sun kasance turawan Ingila, sune kuma jagorori masu kula da siye da siyarwa a yankunan. Suna da sojoji da kayan yaki, tayadda suke amfani da karfinsu wqjen maganin duk wata barazana.
Ance a shekarar 1884 ne yayin watavtattaunawa ysakankanin manyan kasasjen duniya na wancan lokacin a birnin Berlin na kasar Jamus, akayi kasagin yankunan Afirka don farq gudanar musu da mulkin mallaka. Yankunan Nigeria na kudu da arewa duk sun ada ne a hannun turawa sabanin yankin Niger daya fada a hannun fasansa da kuma yankin Cameroon daya fada hamnun Jamus.
Kasancewar hhaka yasa Ingilabtayibshawarar hade yankunam wuri daya. An fara wannan aiki tun a shekarar 1912, amma bai tabbata ba sai a shekarar 1914, lokacin da aka baiwa tsohon shugaban Mulkin mallaka a Hongkong, Sir Lord Lugard mukamin gwamna janar wanda zai jagoranci aarewaci da kudancin kasar bisa umarnin da zai rinka amsa daga can kasar ta ingila. Hakan na nufin Ingila ta karbe ikon mulki daga hannun kowa, yanzu abinda takesp shi yaza'ayi a yankin.
Ance babban abin tunawa da Gwamna Lugard a iya aaman da yayi a Lagos yana shugabanci shine kokarinsa na dakatar da cinikin bayi da kkuma tabbatar da yankunan sun zamo a hade. Masanan tarihi sun bayyana Lugard da mutum ne tsatstsqura wanda baya jure raini daga bakar fata. Sannan kuma dukbda kasancewar sa ya taba rike mukamin gwamnan arewa a baya, ance yafi yiwa kudancin kasar aiki. Dalilin hakan na cikin wanibtsari daya kafa bisa sahhalewar ingila, cewa jowanne yanki zai rinka sqmun aikace-aikace ne bisa harajin da suke tarawa. A wancan lokacin ana samun haraji mai yawa daga hada-hadar giya a kudu, amma a arewa giya abar jyama ce saboda musulunci.
Matar Gwamna Lugard mqi suna Flora Shaw wadda akace yar jarida ce ta kamfanin 'The Times' tavrinka taimakonsa wajen gudanar da nulki. Itace kuma ta lakabawa wannan kasa sunan Nigeria.
A zamanin mulkin Lugard ne yakin Adubi ya barke a kudancin kasar. Inda jabilar Egba ta yankin yarabawa suka dauki makamaibtare da lalata titunan layin dogo (jiragwn kasa) da kuma hallaka wasu turawa masu wakiltar ingila dake zama a yankin nasu. Dalilinsu nayin haka shine uzzura musu da akeyi wajen karbar haraji, da kuma tilasta musu bisa yin aiki ga turawa. Kanar misalin layin dogo, duk yan kasa turaqan ke tursasa suyi.
Gwamna Lugard dai bai saurarawq mutanen nan ba. Inda ya taso rubdunar soji tazp yankin ta yakesu, kuma taci galaba akansu. Allahu Akbar!
Gwamna Lugard ya rinka turawa Ingila bayanan dik wani abu dayayi a shekara. Wani Kundi mai suna 'Blue Book' a 'Encyclopedia Britannica' ya nuna yadda takardun nasa suka rinka kasancewa. A ra'ayinsa kuma, bai dauki bakar fata mutun kamar baturen ingila ba. Saboda yace bakaken fata nada rauni, idan kabasu fuska rainaka zasuyi. Idan kabasu dama kuma yakar ka zasuyi. Shiyasa ya hana baiwa bakar fata ko daya shugabanci a zamaninsa. Ya kirkiri mahalisar zartaswa, amma babu bakar fata wakili koda guda daya, sai dai wata majalisa kurum ta jeka-na-yika daya kafa wadda aka tsulma sarakunan mulki aciki, sukuwa basu da ikon cewa kanzil wajen aiwatar wa, sai dai sujira umarni kurum daga gareshi.
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