TARIHIN DAMAGARAM (ZINDER)

Tarihin Damagaram.
Muƙala akan Damagaram.

Tsawon lokaci daya shuɗe, labarin baka ya faɗa mana tsawon lokaci daya gabata, wasu mafarauta guda biyu (daga yankin Kelle, cikin Kutus) a lokacin tafiyarsu suna neman wasa suka risƙi ƙasar dana ambata Damagaran.
  Watarana, sai kowannen su yayi shawarar farauta daban da ɗanuwansa. Don haka suka rabu, rabuwar kuma mai tsayi.
Rannan, sai ɗaya daga maharban ya tafi neman tsohon abokin sa,  daga ƙarshe ya same shi yana share ciyaye.
Bayan haɗuwarsu suka gaisa, sai fira ta shiga tsakanin su. Shine sai mafarucin yake tambayar abokin sa daya tarar cikin yaren Kanuri da cewa 'Daa maa grimi?' Ma'ana, 'shin nama kaci ne?'.
Sai kuwa aka sanyawa wannan ƙauye wannan suna, daga baya Hausawa suka tanƙwara sunan tare da soma kiran sa 'Damagaram'.
NB: Gundumar Damagaram jerin wasu ƙauyuka ne  dake ƙarƙashin shugabancin Maalam da magadansa kafin samar da daula a Zinder.
  Daga cikin ƙauyukan akwai: Damagaram, Gorgore, Dumummuge, Ciihanza, Gaafati, Magarya, Lautey, Albarkaaram, Kaasamma, Baadaraaaka, Ganesku, Kirshiyaa.
Maalam, shine wanda ya samar da daular Zinder bayan ya baro ƙasar sa Bornu, ya sauka a ƙauyen Damagaram. Kimanin mil dubu tamanin nesa danan, sai wani maharbin haifaffen Borno yabi da ambaton ƴan gargajiya, yazo domin ƙirƙirar ƙauyen Zinder wanda turawan mulkin Mallaka suka rinƙa kira da suna Zinder.

 Me yasa wannan suna?
 Barth, wanda ya rubuto sunan da 'scinder', ya ambaci sunan a matsayin birnin da Sarkin Damagaram ke da zama ne, kuma har yanzu kuwa anan yake da zama.
Bayan shi, sai Monteil, Foureau, da Lamy suka zaɓi kalmar Zinder domin sanyawa birnin Sarki, ko ace, sunan gari ɗaya daga maƙwabta ne har zuwa yau ya samar da suna Zinder.
 Haka abin yake ga Landeroin, wanda a farƙon ƙarni ya zauna a ƙasar, shi da Kanal Abadie da Serre na Reivers.
Don haka har zuwa lokacin da turawan mulkin mallaka na faranshi suka ƙwace Damagaram, tare da kafuwar Zinder a ƙasar, Mutanen Zongoo, waɗanda asalinsu daga sansanin Tuareg suke, sun zamo maƙwabta na mafi yawan baƙi, a wuraren da a baya can ba sa cikin birnin Zinder.
NB: Ana kiran Gundumar da Sarki ke zaune Birni, tunda Sarki  Tanimun ya gina ganuwa data zagaye birninsa.
Wannan GANUWA da hausa ita ake kira Birni, (ko Garu) daga baya aka faɗaɗa ta inda har kalmar Birni ke nufin gari.
A yanzu, karɓaɓɓen sunan Damagaram shine Zinder. Amma ƴan asalin garin suna cigaba da amfani da kalmar Damagaram wajen wakiltar Zinder. Domin rarrabewa tsakanin birnin Damagaram da kuma ƙasar Damagaram kuwa, sukan ambaci 'Kasal Damagaram' domin nuni da ƙasar Damagaram.
Yaya Garun yake?
A ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba, birnin Zinder yake wakiltar manyan kusurwowi uku, da katangunsa a baubauɗe, da zagayayyun kusurwowi kimanin faɗin murabba'i 125 na hecta, a zagaye da katangun ƙasa masu tsayin mita 9 zuwa 10 gwargwadon tudun ƙasar wajen, sai kuma kimanin mita 12 zuwa 14 na kauri a kwance, amma suna siririntuwa a tsaye daga ƙasa zuwa sama inda yake komawa kusan santimeta 50 zuwa 60.
Wannan katanga kusan dukkanta an ƙawata ta da siffar haƙoran zarto daga sama, daga wajen katangun kuwa a kwance ya samu zagayawar magudanar ruwa ne wanda akan yi musu wajen zuba jefi jefi.
Daga ciki kusa da ƙofa kuwa, ƙasan katangar na da kauri, saboda dandazon ruɓaɓɓun ciyayi, sannan katangun sun sirance daga sama, kimanin mita 1 ko 2 zuwa wani faffaɗan wuri da akanyi kamar bencin zama don maharba kibbau da masu jefa masu .

An yanki wani tsagi daga Masarautar Zinder ta André Salifou

TARIHIN IMAM MALIK BN ANAS

TARIHIN IMAMU MALIK BN ANAS

SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO

  Cikakken sunan sa shine Abu 'Abdullah Malik ibn 'Anas ibn Malik ibn Amr al-Asbahi an haifeshi a birnin Musulunci Madina a shekara ta 93 bayan Hijirar Manzon Allah Annabi Muhammad S.a.w, dai-dai da shekara ta 714 miladiyya.
  Ance asali, tsatson sa daga ƙasar Yemen ne, daga ƙabilar al-Asbahi, amma sai kakansa Abu Amir ya dawo Madina da zama bayan ya karɓi musulunci. Mahaifinsa Anas ya ɗauki ilimi a wajen Halifa Umar bn Khattab R.A, kuma dashi akayi aikin tattarawa gami da rubuta littafin Alqurani maigirma a zamanin Halifancin Usman bn Affan R.A. A haka kuma har Allah ya ƙadarta haihuwarsa a birnin na Madina.
   A Littafin Muwaɗɗa nashi Imam Malik ɗin, an faɗi siffar Imam Malik a matsayin dogo kakkaura, mai cikakken farin gemanya da korayen idanuwa.
   Imam Malik ya zamo babban masani a Madina, ko ace a duk duniyar musulunci ma baki ɗaya. Anan madina yayi karatunsa, ya kuma karɓi ilimin sa ne daga hannun Sahabbai da kuma Tabi'ai na Manzon Allah  Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w).
  Kasancewar Mahaifan Imam Malik na da rufin asiri, ya sanya shi mai da hankali kacokan kan meman ilimi daga manyan malumman Madina, musamman ilimin Fiqhu, watau na sanin addinin musulunci.
 Ance ya haddace Alqurani tun da ƙuruciyarsa,  ya koyi karatunsa daga   malamai irinsu Hisham ibn Urwah, Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, da kuma Abu Hanifa, wanda ya samar da mazhabar Hanafiyya, har ma Imam Malik ya ɗauki darasi a gidan Imamun mabiya Shi'a ɗan uwa ga Annabi S.a.w watau Jafar al Sadiq.
  Ance tun a zamanin sa ake son haifar da Mazhabar sa ta Maliku amma yaƙi yadda, a lokacin Mazhabobin Sunnah uku ne Kacal, watau Hanafiyya, Hambaliyya da Shafi'iyya. Har ma wata rana Halifa Al Mansur yace masa "Ina so na kaɗaitar da ilimi, don haka zan rubutawa kwamandojin yaƙi na da kuma Gwamnoni cewa su maida littafinka Muwaɗɗah doka da za'a rinƙa hukunci akansa, duk wanda yazo da wani abu makamacinsa a kashe shi".
   Da jin haka sai Maliku ya amsa da cewa "Ya kai Jagoran muminai, akwai wata hanyar saɓanin haka ai. Kayi sani Annabi ya rayu ne a wannan alƙarya, kuma ya rinƙa aikewa da dakaru ƙasashe domin yaƙi, kuma bai kame ƙasashe da yawa ba har Ubangiji ya karɓi ransa, daga nan Abu Bakr ya zama Halifa, shima bai kame ƙasashe masu yawa ba. Daga nan sai Umar, wanda ƙasashe da yawa suka samu a hannunsa.
    Don haka Umar ya rinƙa aikewa da sahabban manzon Allah s.a.w waɗannan ƙasashen domin su koyar da addini, kuma mutane basu tsagaita Wajen ɗaukar ilimi daga garesu ba har gushewarsu, inda manyan masana suka gajesu, bayan tafiyarsu waɗansu suka maye gurbinsu, har ya zuwa zamanin nan namu.
   Saboda haka idan ka takura akan sauya mutane daga abinda suka sani izuwa abinda basu sani ba sai su kafirta. A maimakon haka, ka tabbatar da hukuncin da kowaɗanne mutane ke aiwatarwa a ƙasashensu, in yaso sai kai ka ɗauki sanin daga garesu".
  Wata ruwayar kuma akan haka cewa tayi bayan Halifa al Mansur ta saurari yadda Maliku ke bada fatawowi, sai yace "Na ƙuduri aniyar bada umarnin kwafen rubututtukan ka tare da watsa su ga duk inda wani musulmi yake a duniya ta yadda musulmai zasu rinƙa aiki da koyarwar cikinsa, su bar sauran da ba nasa ba".
  Sai Maliku yace "Ya Jagoran Muminai, kada kayi haka. Domin tuni mutane sun ji ruwayoyi daban-daban na Hadisai. Kuma kowanne rukuni mutane sun ɗoru da ayyukansu bisa abinda suka ji. Don haka kawar dasu daga abinda suke kai zai haifar da annoba a musulunci. A maimakon haka ka ƙyale mutane akan duk abinda suke kai da kuma duk abinda suka zaɓawa kansu".
Ance Imam Malik bai taɓa karanta Hadisin Annabi s.a.w ba batare da alwala ba, har ɗan uwansa Ismail bn Abi Uways ya faɗa cewar "na taɓa tambayar Kawuna Maliku a game da wani abu na ilimi, sai ya umarceni nayi alwala, sannan na zauna a gabansa, sannan nace , 'la hawla wala quwata illa billah'.. Bai taɓa bada wata fatawa ba tare da ambaton wannan kalma ba".
 Imam Maliku Yana da tsantseni da maida lamura ga Allah, kuma baya bada fatawa akan abinda bashi da cikakken sani akai.
   Imam Al-Haytham yace "na taɓa zama tare da Maliku a wata rana, inda aka tambaye shi wasu mas'aloli kimanin 40, ya amsa guda 8, amma sauran duk yana bada amsar su da faɗin Ban sani ba".
  An samu Imamu Maliku yana cewa "Kariyar Masani shine 'Ban sani ba'. Idan har ya guje ta, to kuwa zai rabauta da azabar mutuwa".
   A wani wajen kuma, Khālid ibn Khidāsh ya ruwaito cewa "Nayi doguwar tafiya daga Iraqi domin naga Imam Malik na tambayeshi wasu tambayoyi guda arbain. Amma dana haɗu dashi, guda biyar kaɗai ya amsa mini, sauran sai yace mini bai sani ba. Sannan sai yace 'Ibn Ijlan yana cewa idan malami ya tsallake kalmar ban sani ba, zai haɗu da azabar mutuwa'.
  Ibn Wahb ya ruwaito cewa naji Abdullah ibn Yazid ibn Hurmuz yana cewa dole ne malamai su naƙaltawa masu zama a tare dasu kalmar ban sani ba har sai ta zama ginshiƙinsu kuma garkuwa daga halaka.
  Imam Shafi'i ya faɗa akan Maliku cewa idan aka ambaci sunayen Malamai, sunan Maliku yana zamowa tamkar tauraro acikinsu.
  Imamu Maliku ya faɗa cewa bai soma zama domin bayar da fatawa ba a birnin Madina sai da malaman Madina 70 sukayi shaidar dacewar sa akan hakan.
   Shine marubucin hamshaƙin littafin nan
 Al-Muwatta' watau 'Karɓaɓɓe' ko 'Tabbatacce', wanda ke ƙunshe da ingantattun hadisan Annabi s.a.w da zantukan sahabbansa masu girma, ta waɗanda suka zo bayan su, da waɗanda suka biyo bayansu.
  Iman Malik ya faɗa akan littafinsa Muwattah cewar sai daya gabatar dashi ga Malaman Madina guda 70, kowannen su yana mai inganta shi (kulluhum wata ani alayh), don haka ya sanya masa suna 'Muwattah'.
  Imam Al-Bukhari ya faɗa cewar Mafi inganci bisa kowanne Silsilar hadisi itace wadda akace ta fito daga  "Malik, daga Nafi, daga Ibn 'Umar." Ance masanan hadisi suna kiran wannan salsala da suna 'zinariyar salsala' saboda darajar ta.
   Imam Malik ya shirya littafin al-Muwatta' acikin shekaru 40, inda da fari ya tsara littafin da hadisai dubu 10, kafin daga bisani ya ƙunƙunce shi zuwa hadisai dubu 2.
   Kamar dai sauran malaman Islam, Imam Malik mutum ne mai tausayi da tausasawa. Gashi da gaskiya gami da tsayawa don tabbatar da ita.
   Don haka a lokacin da Gwamnan Madina ya nemi tursasa mutane yin mubaya'a ga Halifan musulunci daga zuriyar Umayyawa Al Mansur, sai Imam Malik ya bada fatawa cewa wannan ɗaukar alƙawari yasasshe ne domin anyi shine bisa tursasa wa.
  Ya bada fatawar ne dogaron sa ga hadisin sakin aure, wanda Annabi yace duk wanda aka tursasa masa sakin matarsa to bata saku ba.
  Wannan ne sanadin da mafi yawan mutane suka samu ƙwarin guiwar bayyana matsayar su na ƙin goyon bayan Halifa Al Mansur, daga bisani mahukunta suka kama Imam Maliku tare da zartar masa da hukuncin bulala a bainar jama'a.
Allahu Akbar!.
   Mabiya Maliku ne suka samar da tafarkin Mazhabar Imamu Malik wadda ake hukunci da bada fatawowi bisa koyarwarsa, kuma wannan mazhaba ta watsu a ƙasashen Afirka, Andalus, Yemen, Sudan, Iraq, Khorasan da wasunsu.
  Imam Tirmizi ya ruwaito wani Hadisi da Manzon Allah s.a.w yake cewa a nan gaba kaɗan, mutane zasu rinƙa hawan bayan raƙuma suna bazama neman ilimi, kuma ba zasu samu wani masani ba sama da masanin Madina.
  Imam Qadi Ayyad, Imam Al-Zhahabi da wasu irinsu Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah, ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San'ani, Ibn Mahdi, Yahya ibn Ma'in, Zhu’ayb ibn `Imama, Ibn al-Madini,  da wasun su sun tafi akan cewar hadisin bushara ne da zuwan Imam Maliku.
  Ance Halifa Al Mansur ya taɓa tambayar Maliku 'shin ina yafi kamantuwa na fuskanta don yin addu'a tsakanin kabarin Annabi mai girma da alƙibla?'.
  Sai Maliku ya amsa masa da cewa "Me zaisa ba zaka fuskance shi ba (s.a.w) alhali shine mai sadar dakai ga Allah da kai da baban ka Adamu a ranar alƙiyama?"
   Imam Malik ya rasu a shekarar 796 miladiyya, hijirar ma'aiki 179 a birnin Madina, kuma an binne shi a maƙabartar Baƙi' a mai daraja
 
Kafin rasuwar Imam Maliku ya wallafa littafinsa 'Al Muwattah', wanda har Imam Shafi'i yake cewa shine littafi mafi inganci bayan Alƙurani mai girma.
  Sai kuma littafin 'Al-Mudawwana al-Kubra' wanda Mallam Suhnun ibn Sa'id ibn Habib at-Tanukhi ya tattara bayan rasuwar Malikun.
   Da fatan Allah ya gafarta masa, yayi masa rahama amin.


  Da fatan Allah ya jiƙansa amin

TARIHI: ASALIN BAKIN MUTUM DA MAZAUNIN SA 8

TARIHI: ASALIN BAKIN MUTUM DA     MUHALLIN SA
   (fitowa ta takwas)

Daga SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO

Sai dai kuma, menene magana mafi inganci dangane da ainihin kabilun dake zaune a wannan yanki na Afirka?
   Hujjojin da aka samu a yanzu haka, sunfi karkata akan cewa duk wadansu kabilu da yaruka sun samo usuli ne daga manyan kabilu hudu da suka fara zama anan afirka.
   Yankin Libya dai, tun da jimawa akwai mutane a cikinsa. Jimawar na nufin shekaru dubu biyar kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S, kwatankwacin lokacin da Egypt ta soma samun mafarauta a dandamarin kasar ta.
   Lokacin da muke hasashen anyi ruwan d'ufana kenan an dauke, tunda abaya mun kawo yadda masani Robert Ballard yayi hasashen aukuwar ruwan dufana da cewar ya auku shekaru dubu bakwai da dari biyar da suka gabata.
   An bayyana kabilar Berber a matsayin kabilar data dade a wancan tsohon yanki na libiya. Amma kuma kabilu irinsu Nasamones, Aushiase, Asbytaeas, Garamantis, Macae, Gindanes, Lotuphagia, Machles da Auses duk sun auku a wancan yanki daga baya.
  Daga bayan ne kuma, kabilar Toureg, da wasu kabilu tsatson kabilun fulani suka samu wanzuwa daga can K'asa da kasar ta Libya. Yankin kasashen Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria da Mauritania kenan.
   Wad'annan mutanen duk fararen fata ne, asalin su daga tsohuwar kabilar Libya suka samu rassa.
  A baya-bayan nan kuma, ga tarihin kafuwar Daular Awkar (Ghana empire) a garin 'Koumbi Saleh' yankin kasar Mouritania tare da yadda ta taimaka wajen kafuwar garuruwan Tiraqqa, Tadmakka da Timbuktu dake yankin kasar Mali na bakaken fata.
   Sannan ga gusawar zuriyar tushen fulani daga kasar ta Mauritania izuwa 'Futa Toro dake Senegal da kuma 'Futa Djallon' dake yankin kasar Guinea gami da yadda suka kewayo yankin Gobir tare da mamaye kasar Hausa, duk kansu abin kulawa ne.
  Wadannan fa, duk sun isa 'yar manuniya akan yadda mutane ke matsawa daga nan zuwa can, da kuma yadda jinsi da al'ada ke rikedewa daga wannan zuwa wancan. Watakila, kimiyyar had'aka ce zata bamu amsar silar wannan haduwa. (Watau dai, duk inda aka ce abu kaza ya hadu da abu kaza, abu kaza yake bayar wa).
   Masanin tarihi Herodotus ya riski Egypt a wajajen shekara ta 460 kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S. Ga kuma abinda ya ruwaito a littafi na daya a game da kabilun dake afirka.
   "Da akwai kimanin garuruwa dubu ashirin masu dauke da mutane a yankin egypt... Al'ummar afirka ta kunshi kabilu biyu ne mazauna, watau Libiyawa da kuma Bakaken fata (Ethiopiyawa), da kuma Kabilu biyu bak'i, sune Girkawa da Sumeriyawa (Phoenicians)".
Ashe kenan, daga kafuwar egypt a wajajen shekara ta dubu biyar kafin aiko Annabi Isa A.S, izuwa shekara ta dari hudu da sittin kafin Aiko Annabi Isa A.S (shekaru dubu hudu da dari biyar da arba'in kenan), har garuruwa dubu ashirin sun kafu. Dai-dai kenan da muce duk bayan kimanin kwanaki 81, ko watanni uku, gari daya na samuwa a yankin.
  Sai dai gashi, bamu da alkaluman da zasu nuna mana adadin garuruwan da suka kafu a kasar bakin mutum ta ainihi, balle mu lissafa wanda yafi wani habaka a tsakani. Amma dai, hakan na nuna mana cewa kamar yadda dubunnan garuruwa suka wanzu a wancan gari da egypt bai kai tsufan sa ba, haka ma wasu garuruwan sun kafu a daular bakin mutum ta asali.
  Halayyar mutumin-da kuma ta matsawa daga nan zuwa can don kafa neman abin bukata tare da kafa gari ke tabbatar mana da kafuwar garuruwa mabambanta.
  Tunda ana maganar garin Mazaber ne dake yankin Erithrea asalin gari. A hankali tarihi ya nuna yadda aka rinka fadada izuwa kasar Ethiopia, Somalia har akazo Sudan. ( Kasar da kasar Chadi ce kadai ta raba Nigeria da ita).
   Kuma gashi acan ma, daga Libya aka soma, amma sai da farin mutum ya fantsama kasashen Arewacin afirka kamar yadda muka fada a sama.   Tabbas, alamomi sun tabbata cewar bakin mutum ya gangaro ne daga ainihin mazaunin sa izuwa makotan ainihin cibiyar sa misalin kasashen afirka ta yamma, kamar yadda itama wayewa, al'adu da salon sarrafa harshe suka gangaro gareshi sannu-a-hankali...

TARIHIN TSOHON BIRNI GANGARA DAKE KASAR KATSINA

TARIHIN TSOHON BIRNIN GANGARA DA YADDA GARIN MALUMFASHI YA FITO DAGA GARESHI.

SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO
 Kirarin Garin: Gangara Ta Naturɓe, idan kaji ina kwana bako ne.. Sai dai Nyalli Jam.
Wannan gari tsoho ne, jimawarsa kuma har takai wasu na ganin ya girmewa tsoffin birane misalin Malumfashi, Getso, Baɗari da birnin Kano.
   Fulani kabilar Natirawa ne akace suka kafa garin lokaci mai tsawo daya shuɗe, sannan labari na gaskiya ya dusashe dangane da tsohon birnin, ko kuma lokacin kafuwarsa, wanda a yanzu ya zama kufai, amma dai zuwa yanzu an iya gane sashen ganuwar tsohon birnin. Haka kuma marinar garin da tsoffin kukoki nanan a inda tsohuwar rayuwar Natirawan ta auku shekaru ɗaruruwa da suka gabata.
  Babban limamin Garin mai suna Mallam Adamu, ya bayyana mana cewar an samo sunan garin 'Gangara' ne daga kalmar 'Gagara', ko kuma ace garin daya Gagara acishi da yaki, domin tunda wannan birni yake babu wani sarki daya taɓa cinsa da yaki.
  An samu cewa garin Gangara na usuli shahararre ne, mai zagaye da ganuwa, mai ɗauke da tarin mutane kuma. Mutane na zuwa fatauci daga sassa daban daban na kasar hausa. Har ma ance akwai zamanin da saida gidaje suka cika birnin, har ma wasun suka rinka yin gidaje a bayan ganuwa.
  Sannan kasancewar garin na fulani ne, akwai tsohuwar al'adar nan ta sharo da kuma wankan amarya da aka ruwaito tana wakana tsakankanin mazauna birnin, amma dai ance musulunci ya samu karɓuwa tun kafin zuwan Mujaddadi Usmanu ɗan fodio, don haka abubuwa irin na maguzanci basu yawaitaba.
  A batun yake-yake, garin Gangara yayi zarra, tunda ance akwai wani K'aton kada mai suna 'Nabogaji' wanda yake cikin wani tafki dake kusa da garin, wanda kuma yake rura kuka yayin da wani bala'i ya tunkaro garin domin sanar da mazauna birnin suyi shiri.
  Dukkan maruwaitan tarihin garin Gangara sun haɗu akan cewa babu wanda ya taɓa cinye garin da yaki. Wasu sunce da zarar Nabogaji yayi ruri, sai idanuwan mahara ya rufe, ya zamo basa iya ganin birnin da abinda ke cikinsa. Yayinda wasu ke ganin tsabar jarumtar sadaukan birnin ke basu ikon mayar da keyar mahara baya.
  Ance Gangara ta taɓa kaiwa garin Getso hari, taci nasara akan garin, har saida ta kori maza da mata dake garin.
  Haka kuma gangara tayi yaki da garuruwan matazu, kurkujan na musawa, da malumfashi a baya-bayan nan, kuma duk ta samu nasara.
  Liman Mallam Adamu ya faɗa mana cewar asalin garin malumfashi Gangara ne. Domin kuwa zamani mai tsawo daya wuce, an taɓa yin wata annoba ta ciwon ciki wadda mutanen birnin Gangara suka rinka mutuwa.
  Don haka sai mutanen suka tashi izuwa gefensa suka kafa  sabon gari, yayinda waɗansu suka fantsama sassan duniya.
  To ance daga irin waɗannan mutanen ne wani banatire mai suna Dano (ko Dunu ) ya riski garin malumfashi a lokacin yana jeji. Sai ya sauka sannan ya sari gona domin yaɗan taɓa noma.
  Da amfanin gona yazo, sai ya zamana ya samu alheri, don haka ya shiga godiya ga mai sama yana faɗin "Yanzu Na-numfasa"
  Daga nan kuma sai labari ya iso garinsu Gangara, inda mutane suka rinka tafiya inda yake da zummar suje suyi noma su samu riba da kuɓuta daga waccan annoba. Don haka sai suma suka rinka cewa "zamu tafi inda Dano yake Munumfasa" watau mu huta daga wannan annobar. Daga baya aka maida sunan garin ya koma 'mulumfashi' ko 'Malumfashi'.
  A cewar Liman, babbar hujja akan haka shine unguwar Gangarawa dake garin malumfashi. Wadda babu wata tsohuwar unguwa data girme mata.
  Sunan sarautar garin Gangara shune 'ɗan-saka', ance ta samu ne daga wani sarkinta mai sakawa duk waɓda aka yiwa zalunci daga talakawansa. Hak kuma kasancewar sunayen tsoffin sarakunanta sun ɓata, amma dai an samu cewar a baya bayan nan sarakuna irinsu:-
Dan saka Atiku, Dan saka Babba, Dan saka Nani, Dan saka Isiye, Dan saka Bello zarɓe magajin tunkuɗa, ɗan saka sarki ya-musa, ɗan saka yuguda, da ɗan saka muhammadu magajin daɗi duk sun mulketa, sai kuma dagacin dake mulkinta ayau mai suna Magaji Alh Bala ɗan muhammadi majidaɗi.
   Koda yake, ance yanzu sarautar ɗansaka ta koma garin Gora bisa tashin tsohom ɗan saka Muhammadu majidaɗi daga Gangara zuwa garin na Gora saboda tsangwamar natirawa, don haka da aka turo ɗansa sai ake masa lakabi da Magaji. Saboda hak yanzu sunan sarautar garin 'Magaji'.
  Sannan kuma har gobe mutanen garin Gangara suna fahari da cewar Mujaddadi Shehu Usmanu ya sauka a garin akan hanyarsa ta zuwa kano daga sokoto, harma ya sahale aka soma sallar juma'a a garin, a lokacin da duk yamma da kano daga Rimin Gado, sai malumfashi ake zuwa yin sallar jumu'a...
   Zuwa yanzu dai, garin yana nan a kusa da garin Dayi, kuma yana karkashin karamar hukumar malumfashi ne ta jihar katsinan Nigeria.

TARIHIN DAURA

TARIHIN DAURA

Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
Bisa tsohon Littafin tarihi na masarautar Daura da ake masa laƙabi da suna Girgam kamar dai sauran littattafan tarihin yawa-yawan masarautu, ana ganin cewar tun a wajajen shekaru dubu biyu kafin haihuwar Annabi Isah A.S wasu mutane ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugabansu mai suna Najib (Wasu sunce Nimroid ko Namarudu sunansa) suka yo hijira daga ƙasar su ta haihuwa Kan'ana tare da riskar inda ƙasar Daura take a yanzu.
   Babu takamaimen dalilin tasowar su, amma dai ance akan hanyar su ta tafiya, sun yada zango a tsohuwar Misira tsawon wani lokaci har kuma daga bisani wasu Misirawan na dauri suka shigo cikinsu akayi hijirar tare dasu.
  Ance kuma da suka baro  Misira sai suka shigo cikin ƙasar Libya, inda suka sauka a birnin Tarabulus, a zamanin da wani Sarki mai suna Abdurdaar ke mulkinta har yaso ya mallake wannan runduna amma bai samu nasara ba, daga ƙarshe shi Najib ya cigaba da tafiya da mutanensa har suka riski wani wuri da ake kira Tsohon birni, inda suka fara kafa birnin Daura kenan kafin daga baya mazaunan birnin su koma sabuwar Daura.
 Amma, manazartan wancan littafi irinsu M.G Smith a littafinsa 'Affairs of Daura' ya kawo cewar Najib shine sunan jagoran waccan runduna data taso daga Kan'ana zuwa Falasɗinu, a lokacin tana ƙarƙashin ikon Misira. Ɗansa Abduldaar shine wanda ya baro falasɗinu tare da tawaga zuwa  Tarabulus ɗin ƙasar Libya.
   Daga can kuma babu jimawa ya tashi zuwa tsohon garin Daura, a lokacin babu kowa a wajen, sai ya kafa gari.
   Duk da cewar akwai ƙarancin sani matuƙa game da kafuwar daura ko kuma tsawon lokacin da tayi tana sharafi, amma wasu sunce ta kafu shekaru kimanin dubu huɗu da suka gabata, yayin da wasu ke ganin kafuwar garin ya samu ne a ƙarni na goma miladiyya.
      Marubuci Zakariyya Adam Kabo ya kawo hujjojin cewa Daurawa misirawa ne da suka zo daga ƙasar su ta misira a littafinsa mai Suna 'Gamsasshen Tarihin Hausawa'. Ga kaɗan daga hujjojinsa akan haka:-
  1. Da akwai wani takobi mai rubutu ajikinsa irin na mazauna kasar misira ada can wanda koda turawa suka zo sai da suka ce wannan takobin babu masu irinsa sai misirawa. Kuma ko yanzu kaje Daura ana iya ɗauko maka shi ka gani.
  2. Yanayin tsarin gine-ginen fadar Daura ɗaya ne dana misirawan-da. Zakaga anyi soro, sannan katangun gida masu kaurin Gaske. Akan kuma yi manyan turaku da babban fili a matsayin tsakar gida da manyan zaurukan hutawar sarki.
3. Tamburan da ake zanawa a bangwayen gidan sarauta na Daura.
   Haka shima Marubuci Maje Ahmad Gwangwazo ya tafi akan cewa tsoffin mazauna Daura Mangawa ne waɗanda basa jin Hausa, don haka koda Bagauda da ake cewa jikan Bayajidda ne, ya riski Kano sai daya shafe aƙalla shekaru biyu yana Koyon harshen Hausa na mazauna Kano.
  Akwai kuma masu ganin cewa hijira biyu ko uku akayi daga can kan'ana zuwa Daura. Inda suka ce a hijira ta farko, Najib ne ya jagorance ta. Amma a hijira ta biyu, wata jaruma da ake kira Daurama ce ta jagorance ta. Kuma daga sunan tane aka laƙabawa birnin suna Daura, har kuma aka samu cewa an shafe tsawon lokaci mata ne ke jagorantarsa.
  Ga sunayen Sarakunan farko da aka samu sun mulki Daura tun tsawon lokaci da ya gabata:-
1. Kufunu
2. Gufunu
3. Yakunu
4. Yakunya
5. Waizamu
6. Waiwaina
7. Gidir-gidir
8. Inna Gari
9. Daurama
    A mulkin Daurama ne akace an tare a sabon birni mai kimanin tazarar mil goma a kudu maso gabashin tsohon  birnin Daura tare da soma kiran birnin da sunan ta. Wani zane a masarautar Daura yayi hasashen aukuwar hakan a ƙarni na shidda, har kuma ake danganta zamanin ta da zuwan Abu Yazid (Bayajidda) wanda akace ɗan Abdullahi Sarkin Bagadaza ne, wanda ya baro gida da wata gagarumar tawaga bisa saɓani da mahaifinsa ko ƴanuwansa ko kuma bayan gwabza faɗa da Maguzawan Zidawa, inda ya soma sauka a Borno har Sarkin ƙasar ya aura masa ƴarsa Magira, daga baya ya ƙulla masa makircin rabashi da dakarunsa gami da yunƙurin halaka shi. Wannan yasa tilas ya gudo da matarsa mai ɗauke da juna biyu. Akan hanyarsa ya sauka a wani gari mai suna Biram ta gabas, ya ajiye matar tasa sannan yaci gaba da tafiya har ya riski tsaunin Dala na kano, inda akace ya riski wasu maguzawa maƙera masu suna Abagiyawa, waɗanda suka ƙera masa takobi, wadda da ita yayi amfani wajen kisan maciji mai suna 'Ƙi' ko 'Sarki' dake hana mutane ɗiban ruwa a rijiyar Kusugu bayan zuwansa Daura da dare a lokacin da yake buƙatar ruwan da zai shayar da dokinsa.
   Akace  Kashe gari sai Dauraman tasa aka nemo shi kuma har ta aureshi.
   Sai dai wasu masu fashin baƙi sunce akwai tazarar aƙalla shekaru 150 tsakanin zamanin Dauraman da Abu yazid, wanda akace ɗansa Bawo ne ya gaje shi akan sarauta, don kuwa an samu ƙarin jerin sunaye sarakuna mata da suka mulki Daura bayan gushewar ta.
10. Ga-mata
11. Shatu
12. Fatatuma
13. Sai Da mata
14. Ja Mata
15. Ha-Mata
16. Sha-warata
   An samu cewa kusan dukkan waɗannan sarakuna mataye ne, ana kiransu da suna 'Kabaras ' fassararsa shine Magajiya da hausa. Watau wadda tayi gadon mulki kenan.
   Haka kuma, akwai maganganu na tarihi dake nuna cewar an samu ɓullar Shugabanni mataye masu laƙabin 'Kabara' a wasu masarautu na ƙasar Mali, da Isra'ila. Amma dai babu wanda ya tabbatar da wata alaƙa data kasance tsakaninsu da waɗannan Kabarori na Daura duk da cewar akwai hasashen yanayin bautar da akace Kabarorin sunyi yafi kamanceceniya da shigen wadda aka taɓa samu anyi a Isra'ila.
   Zuwan Bayajidda akafi labartawa a matsayin tarihin asalin Hausa da Hausawa, amma a zahiri, labarai sun nuna cewar Bayajidda ya riski Daura ne a zamanin da ƙasar Hausa ke cike da mutane a sassan ta.

Tarihin Masarautar Benin (EDO)

Tarihin Masarautar Benin (EDO)
Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
Asalin masarautar ance ta soma ne daga wasu mutane da ake kira Ogisa, ma'ana Sarakunan Sammai. Waɗanda suka kira ƙasar tasu da suna 'Igodomigodo'. Waɗannan nan mutane sunfi kama da maharba, kuma akwai zantuka masu danganta su a matsayin jikokin ƙabilun NOK da suka rayu shekaru sama da dubu ɗaya a wasu sassan tsakiya da arewacin Najeriya.
  A baya-bayan nan, masanan kimiyya sun gano wasu ɓurɓushin tsoffin kayayyakin tarihi na masarautar Benin, wadda yasa sukayi hasashen cewa sama da shekaru dubu ɗaya baya, waɗannan mutane suna da fasahar ƙere-ƙere, da ilimin rubutu gami da zanuka, har ma sun iya ƙera mutum-mutumi.
 Sunan farko da ake kiran masarautar shine Igodomigodo, kamar yadda tarihin baka ya ruwaito cewa mutanen farko da suka kafa masauratar haka suke kiranta. Sunan sarkinsu na farko shine Ogiso. Tun daga nan kuma duk wanda ya gajeshi sai ake yi masa laƙabi da wannan suna.
Shi kuwa birnin, ance asali Ubinu ko Bini ne sunansa da harshen ƙabilar Edo, amma zuwan turawan ƙasar Fotugal a wajajen ƙarni na goma sha biyar yasanya suka laƙaba masa suna 'Benin' daga wancan na asali. Haka kuma, ƙabilun yoruba, Itsekhiri, Esan, Igbo, Ijaw Edo, da Urhobo aka samu suna rayuwa a ƙarƙashin daular tsawon lokaci daya gabata.
Babu takamaimen lokacin da aka kafa garin Benin, amma dai an samu cewa tun daga kusan shekara ta 850 miladiyya, garin zagaye yake da ganuwa, har kuma zamanin daya ɗan soma dusashewa a wajajen ƙarni na 16.
  A ƙalla, an samu cewa akwai Ogiso guda 36 da suka yi mulki bayan na farko, a iya kimanin shekaru 500 kenan tun kafuwar masarautar. Daga nan sai suka koma kiran sarakunan su da suna 'Oba' maimakon 'Ogisa'.
 Wani sarkin su mai suna Oba Ewuare daya rayu a ƙarni na goma sha biyar ake ganin a matsayin jarumin daya samar musu da babbar wayewa, ya maishe da birnin Benin zuwa birnin da rayuwa zata wanzu cikin jindaɗi acikinsa, a maimakon yadda sarakunan da suka gabace shi na Ogiso suka tsara garin.
  Sarkin ya sake tsara birnin da makaran tsira daga mahara, ta hanyar zagaye shi da gagarumar ganuwa. Daga nan ne kuma ya samu sukunin faɗaɗa masarautar tasa.
  A wannan lokacin ne sarkin ya ƙara umartar samar da wata ganuwar mai ɗauke da ƙofofi 9 a cikin ƙwaryar birni don ƙara samar da tsaro ga mazauna birnin dama shi kansa, watau dai, koda an ƙetare babbar ganuwa, to za'a riski wata kuma aciki.
  Wannan ganuwa Itace wadda masani Graham Connah ya gano ta a wajajen shekarar 1960, har yake cewa a ƙalla tana da tsayin mil dubu 11, zurfinta cikin ƙasa kuma yakai nisan ƙafa 20, har yayi hasashen cewa kafin a samar da irin wannan aiki sai an samu majiya ƙarfi aƙalla 1000 sunyi aikin awanni goma a kullum har tsawon shekaru biyar.
  Haka kuma, binciken baya-bayan nan, ya ƙara samo wasu ƙarin ganuwowin katange gari waɗanda suke shimfiɗe tsawon kimanin mil dubu 130, waɗanda akayi hasashen sai ya ɗauki mutane shekaru aƙalla 13 kafin a kammala ginasu.
  Yawa yawan ganuwowin, an samu cewa an yisu ne don samar da iyakokin ƙasa.
  Sai a wuraren ƙarni na goma sha biyu ne mulkin sarakunan Ogisa ya ƙare, zamanin da aka yankewa yarima Ekaladerhan, ɗa ga Ogisan Benin na ƙarshe, hukuncin kisa a sabili da alaƙarsa da wata gimbiya da aka kora daga masarautar saboda laifin saɓawa ababen bauta.
 A wajen yanke wannan hukunci, sai ƴan aiken masarauta da zasu sare kan yariman  suka tausaya masa, tare da saƙinsa don ya gudu a wani guri da ake kira Ughoton dake kusa da birnin na Benin.
  Don haka sa'ar da mahaifinsa Ogisa ya mutu, ya zamana bashi da magaji, sai masu zaɓen sarki da sauran manyan masarautar suka zaɓi ɗaya daga ƴaƴansu ya maye sarauta.
  Shi kuwa Yarima Ekaladerhan daya kuɓuta, sai ya tsere tare da sauya suna izuwa 'Izoduwa', ma'ana 'wanda ya zaɓi tafarkin aminci' ya tafi birnin Ile-Ife inda ya samu gagarumar karɓuwa.
  Daga bisani ta bayyana a Benin cewa ba'a kashe yarima Ekaladerhan ba, sai wani jagora a masarautar mai suna Oliha ya jagoranci tawaga, suka fito nemansa ruwa a jallo don ɗora shi sarautar mahaifinsa. Da suka iso Ile-Ife sai mutanen suka ayyana Yarima Ekaladerhan da suna 'Oduduwa', ma'ana wanda bazai iya komawa gida ba saboda tsufa, don haka sai ɗansa Oranmiyan ya bayar aka tafi dashi don ayi masa sarauta.
   Sai dai kuma zuwan Oranmiyan Benin sai ya tayar da ƙura, domin wani jagoran fadar mai suna Ogiamien Irebor ya jajirce don hana shi zaman fadar, ala tilas Oranmiyan ya bar Benin zuwa wani gari mai suna Usama inda wasu manyan masarautar masu goyan bayansa suka gina masa muhalli. Acan ne ya auri matarsa  mai suna Erimwinde, ƴa ga sarki na tara Ogie mai mulkin birnin Egor.
  Bayan wasu shekaru sai Oranmiyan ya kira taro da mabiyansa dake ɗaukacin yankin, yace musu daga yanzu ƙasar su ta sauya izuwa gamin gambizar Ile-Ubinu, kuma sai wanda aka haifa, aka raina kaɗai a masarautar ne zaiyi mulki, sannan sai ya ɗora ɗansa ƙarami da matarsa Erinmwinde ta haifa masa sarauta, shikuma ya kama hanya don komawa Ile-Ife.
  Sai dai wannan ɗan nasa ƙarami ne, ana iya kiransa da kurma kuma bebe. Da dattijan masarautar suka yiwa Oranmiyan ƙorafi akan haka, sai ya baiwa yaron  irin shukar 'Omo ayo' a matsayin layu waɗanda yace idan yana wasa dasu zasu taimaka masa yayi magana.
   Haka kuwa, wata rana yaro yana wasa da waɗannan iri da sa'anninsa acan garin kakansa na wajen uwa watau Egor, sai akaji yace 'Owomika' (Eweka inji mutanen Edo) ma'ana, 'hannuwa na sun kamashi'.
   Tun daga nan ake yiwa yaron laƙabi da suna Eweka, wanda daga kansa aka soma sarakunan Oba. Ance kuma daga nan aka samar da al'adar sai sabon Oba yayi kwanaki bakwai a garin Usama sannan yaje garin Egor ya ambaci sunansa idan za'a naɗa shi.
  Shikuwa Oranmiyan mahaifin Eweka, akan hanyarsa ta komawa Ile-Ife ya sauka a Oyo. Kuma shine ya samar da daular Oyo inda ya soma mulkinta a matsayin Aalafin Oyo na farko kafin nan ya ƙarasa Ile-Ife tare da zamowa shugabanta mai taken Ooni na Ife na shidda. Har zuwa yau kuwa, jikokinsa ke mulkin Ile Ife, Oyo da Benin.

LITTAFI: TONON SILILIN MR. HAMPHER

https://drive.google.com/file/d/17MYYP8UWSJqFRC-smcojOnEcv5ECcyvK/view?usp=drivesdk

LITTAFI: ASALIN HAUSAWA DAGA KIDE-KIDENSU

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jj614QrqPnXdUV1OMG35OLx9e1ahJW0O/view?usp=drivesdk

Tarihin Sarkin Kano Abbas

Sarkin Kano Muhammad Abbas

Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
   Shine sarkin Kano na hamsin da ɗaya, kuma na takwas a jerin Sarakunan fulani da suka mulki Kano. Shi ɗa ne ga Marigayi Sarkin Kano Abdullahi Maje Karofi, watau ƙani yake ga Galadima Yusufu da kuma Sarki Alu Babba.
   Babu takamaimen lokacin da aka haifeshi kasancewar Hausawa basu cika kiyaye ranakun haihuwa ba a wancan lokacin, amma dai an samu cewar ya zama sarkin Kano a watan mayu na shekarar 1903 miladiyya har kuma zuwa shekarar 1919 bayan rasuwarsa aka binneshi a Nassarawa (daga nan ya samo sunan Maje Nassarawa) sai ɗansa Shehu Usmanu ya gajeshi.  Gwamna Lugard ne ya naɗa shi sarauta sa'ar da yaci kano da yaƙi.
  Ga yadda hawa mulkinsa ya kasance:
Kamar yadda aka sani, Mabiya Galadima Yusufu sunyi bore ga Sarki Tukur bayan rasuwar Sarki Muhammadu Bello, wanda ya kai ga yaƙin Basasar Kano. Daga bisani aka hallaka Sarki Tukur, Alu ƙani ga Galadima Yusufu wanda ya rasu a Garko tun kafin soma yaƙin, ya zamo Sarkin Kano. A wannan lokacin sai ya naɗa ƙaninsa Abbas muƙamin Wambai.
   Ana haka sai turawa suka zo kano, sarki Alu ya shirya tafiya Sokoto tare da tawagarsa tun kafin isowarsu, ciki kuwa harda wambai Abbas, inda ya danƙa amanar gari a hannun Sarkin Shanu.
   Bayan Sarki Alu ya juyo daga Sokoto, sai ya sauka a ƙasar zamfara, anan ne kuma mai ɗakinsa tazo da dare a sukwane ta sanar masa cewar turawa sun ƙwace iko da kano, wanda a cikin daren yayi hawa a ɓoye ya bar jama'arsa.
   Koda gari ya waye sai ragowar mutane suka shiga neman Sarki Alu, amma rasa shi da sukayi yasa suka yanke shawarar cigaba da tafiya zuwa kano. Inda a yankin kwatarshi wannan runduna ta haɗu da turawa masu neman Sarki Alu, waɗanda bayan sun karɓe ikon Kano suka nemeshi suka rasa, sai suka bar wasu turawan riƙon kano, suka biyo sahun Sarki Alu zuwa Sokoto.
    Waziri Amadu ne ke jagorancin wannan tawaga, anyi wannan haɗuwa ne kuma a wani daji da ake kira 'Dajin Rubin' (Tana kuma iya yiwuwa turawa ne suka sanyawa dajin wannan suna saboda mutuwar ɗanuwansu Reuben a dajin)
  Da gamuwar su sai faɗa ya kaure a tsakani. Aka soma fafatawa, dakarun waziri Amadu suka afkawa turawa da sara da suka, yayin da suma turawa suka mayarwa da dakarun martani da harbi.
   Sai dai cikin abinda baifi awa ɗaya ba, turawa suka karya lagon wannan tawaga suka kuma watsa ta. Ya zamana an kashe wasu, wasu kuma suna zube a kakkarye harsashi yayi misu lahani, yayin da saura suka shige daji da gudu suna masu neman tsira da rayukansu..
  Anan ne Wambai Abbas ya jagoranci wata tawaga suka gudu daga wannan yaƙin tare da nufowa birnin Kano.
  Sai dai tun kafin su iso, tuni har labari yazo ga turawan da suka rage a kano, waɗanda aka barsu a gari da zimmar su tsare garin tunda sun karɓe iko dashi.
   Ai kuwa tun kafin dakarun su iso, sai turawan suka haɗa tawaga suka nufi wajen ganuwa, suka jejjeru suna sauraren su.
   Bayan misalin awa guda suna jira, sai ga dakarun sun karaso.
   Turawan nan suka tsaida waɗannan dakaru, sannan suka karɓe dukkanin makaman dake jikkunan su.
  Daga nan aka basu damar shiga garin kano bisa sharaɗin kowa gidansa kurum zai nufa, banda kuma yinkurin tada tarzoma.
  Anyi haka a lokacin tsakiyar sanyi na wannan shekarar.
   Daga nan kuma, sai Turawa bayan sun koma gida suka shiga neman shawarwari daga gurin Larabawa mazauna kano akan wanda ya kamata a naɗa sarki a kano musamman wanda ya fito daga zuriyar Abdullahi Maje Karofi.
  Sai larabawan nan sukace ai kuwa Wambai Abbas ne yafi dacewa, tunda babban su waziri Amadu ya rasu.
  Sai turawa suka amsa da cewar haka nan ne.
 Sai dai fa duk da haka, turawa sun shiga tambayar Manyan kano na wancan lokacin dake zaune a birni, cewar wa ya dace ayiwa sarki, sai suma ɗin kuwa suka ce abaiwa Wambai Abbas sarauta.
  To kunji yadda sarki Abbas ya zama sarki na farko a kano a zamanin turawa. Shi suka ɗorawa nauyin kwantarwa da mutanen Kano hankali ma zamanin, sannan ya rinƙa kiran duj waɗanda sukayi hijira saboda zuwan turawa Kano su komo gida.
   A zamanin mulkinsa jirgin ƙasa ya soma zuwa kano, har wata rana turawa suka buƙaci yahau domin a ɗana shi.
   Ai kuwa Sarki Abbas yahau jirgi, mutanen Kano duk suka firgice dube da jin kuwwarsa, wadda basu taɓa jin irin taba.
  Labari ya nuna cewar har mutan kano sun fara zunɗen cewa turara ƙarya sukeyi, wayau kawai sukayi domin su tafi da Sarki Abbas su kashe, amma daga bisani sai Allah ya dawo dashi gida lafiya.
   Har ila yau, a zamanin sa ne aka tara ɗaukacin sarakunan Arewa a kano domin tarben wakilin Sarkin Ingila, shine ma har Sarkin Zazzau na zamanin Shehu ya rera shahararrar waƙar nan tasa mai taken 'Zuwan mu Birnin Kano'.
  A zamaninsa har ila yau aka gins makarantar Elemantare ta farko a kano, aka soma shirya gidan tarihi na Kano tare da wasu ayyuka masu yawa.
  Haƙiƙa Sarki Abbas yana da karamci da son jama'a, kuma yayi matuƙar ƙoƙarinsa wajen kare haƙƙin Kanawa daga turawa masu mulkin mallaka a zamaninsa duk kuwa da kasancewar umarninsu yake bi, sannan cigaba mai yawa ya riski kano a mulkinsa.
   Dafatan Allah ya rahamsheshi Amin

YADDA AKE BIKIN SALLAH A ƘASAR HAUSA

YADDA AKE SHAGULGULAN SALLAH A ƘASAR HAUSA

Hausawa nacewa 'Sallah biki, ɗaya Rana'. Ma'ana, Sallah wani lokaci ne na biki duk da kasancewar Rana ɗaya akeyin Sallah ɗin.
Sallah ibada ce da addinin musulunci ya sunnata, wadda aduk shekara akeyi sau biyu, babba da ƙarama, to amma anan ƙasar Hausa ba ibadar ƙaɗai akeyi ba, ana haɗawa ma harda wasu lamurori na biki. Akwai abubuwa kala-kala da akeyinsu a lokacin wannan biki, wasunsu ma har mutane na ɗaukarsu a matsayin abubuwa na addini, alhali kuwa na al'ada ne. Wanda kuma hakan ke nuni da cewa irin shagalin bikin dake tattare da ranar Sallah tun da jimawa yske anan ƙasar Hausa.
Daga cikin abubuwan da akeyi don bikin sallah akwai:
1. Ɗinkin sabbin kayan Sallah
 Tun kafin ranar sallah zakaga mutane nayin tanajin sabbin kaya dasu da iyalansu wanda zasu sanya domin murnar zagayowar wannan lokacin biki da ibada mai albarka.
2. Tanajin Kayam miya
Sallah biki ce, a biki kuwa an sani anaci ana sha. Don haka tun kafin isowarta zakaga mutane na tanajin kayan abinci da nasha wanda za'ayi amfani dasu a lokacin wannan biki mai albarka.
3. Tanajin Rago a sallar layya
A lokacin gabatowar babbar sallah, kasuwanni na cika da dabbobi misalin rakuma, shanu da kuma raguna. Hakan nada nasaba da abinda yazo a koyarwar addinin islama na yanka rago ko dabba mai lafiya don yin hadaya da ake kira layya a lokacin wannan biki.
4. Zuwa idi ranar sallah
Idan ranar sallah tazo, maza da mata, yara da manya na sanya sabbin kaya, suci ado da komai sabbi gwargwadon sukunin da mutum yake dashi sannan a tafi bayan gari, zuwa wani fili da aka ware wanda ake kira masallacin idi. Anan ne ake sallatar sallah raka'o'i biyu mai ɗauke da kabbarori, watau faɗin 'Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar' aƙalla guda goma sha biyu baki ɗaya. Idan an idar, sai kaga mutane sun cika da murna suna gaisawa da juna, daga nan sai liman yayi nasiha garesu sannan su dawo gida.
5. Abinci ranar sallah
Akwai abinci da ake girkawa a ranar babbar sallah, koda yake wasu basa yin girkin sai kashe gari.
Wannan abinci shine ake rarrabawa gida-gida na maƙwabta da ƴanuwa.
A lokacin da ake da sukuni a gari, a kusan kowanne gida anayin wannan girkin, suna kuma rarrabawa izuwa makwabta. Tayadda zakaga an tara abinci kala kala misalin funkasau, tuwo, waina, shinkafa da sauransu a mazubai.
6. Yanka rago
Ana dawowa daga sallar idin babbar sallah ake yanka ragon layya ko kuma duk dabbar da aka tanadar domin yin wannan hadaya da ita. Liman ne ke fara yanka nashi a masallacin idi. Daga nan kuma sai a shiga gyaran dabbar. Zuwa kashe garin sallah sai a shiga suya.
7. Ziyara Gidan ƴanuwa da abokan arzika
Ana ziyara zuwa gidajen ƴanuwa da abokan arziƙa a lokacin bikin sallah. Anan ne kuma ake bada goron sallah, koda yake yanzu an sauya abin, kusan kuɗi ake bayarwa yayin wannan ziyara.
Wanda yafi wani ƙarfi shine ke bayar da wannan kyauta. Don haka a wani lokacin, wanda yaje ziyara ke bayarwa, yayin da a wani juyin wanda aka zowa ne ke bayarwa.
8. Zuwa kallon Hawan sallah
Mazauna manyan birane dake nan ƙasar hausa suna zuwa gidan sarki domin kallon hawan sallah.
A kano, sarki nayin hawa bayan saukowa daga masallacin idi da ake kira 'Hawan daushe'. Daga baya kuma sai hawa masu suna hawan nasarawa, hawan ɗorayi, hawan fanisau su biyo baya.
9. Zuwa wuraren shagulgula
misalin gidan zoo
Yara da manya kanje wuraren da aka kawwame don yin shagalin sallah, inda akasari makaɗa da mawaka da masu barkwanci ke taruwa don nishaɗantar da al'umma.
  Misalin irin wannan wuri a kano shine gidan namun daji da akafi kira da gidan zoo. Inda yara da manya ke taruwa don kallon namun daji, wasu kuma ke zagayawa wurin kallon makaɗan kalangu da makaɗan zamani.

TARIHIN ASALIN ZAMFARAWA, BIRNIN DUTSI DA LABARIN ƳAR GOJE

TARIHIN ASALIN ZAMFARAWA: LABARIN BIRNIN DUTSI DA GIMBIYA ƳARGOJE



Birnin Dutsi wanda a halin yanzu yake ƙarƙashin Masarautar Zurmi dake Jahar Zamfara,  nan ne akace Zamfarawa suka Fara yada zango, a lokacin da suka riski ƙasar Hausa daga wurin zaman su na asali dake Gabas ta tsakiya.
 Jagoran su, da ake kira Dakka ne ya fara Sarauta a wannan Gari na Dutci/Dutsi a wajajen Shekarar 1300 AD.
 Ance Waɗan nan Mutanen (Zamfarawan Farko ) masu tsayi ne da girman jiki  sosai , kusan wannan ne dalilin da ke sanyawa ana alaƙan ta su da Jinsin Samudawa.
Haka kuma Kaburburan su da ke Dutci /Dutsi a halin yanzu ma wani babban misali ne na irin girman Jikin nasu.
Bayan Mutuwar Sarki Dakka Wanda shine Mahaifin Sarauniya Argoje/Yargoje, an yi Sarakuna biyu kafin ta samu damar ɗarewa kan Karagar Mulki.
 Ance Ƴargoje tayi Mulki a tsakiyar ƙarni na 13 miladiyya.
 Kuma ta Shahara a lokacin ta , domin har a dajin Kuyambana da ke ƙasar Ɗansadau ta Jahar Zamfara ta yanzu takan Zauna da Majalisar ta , tana yanke hukunci akan lamurran da suka shafi al'ummar ta.
A Yanzu haka akwai wata fitilar ta da ke ajiye a ginin hukumar Adana Kayan Tarihi da al'adun Gargajiya na Jahar Zamfara wanda ake dangantawa da ita.
 Bayan Rasuwar ta a Dutci /Dutsi sai aka naɗa ƙanenta mai suna Bakurukuru a matsayin Sabon Sarki.
Sarki Bakurukuru ɗan Dakka ne ya ƙirƙiri Sabuwar Hedikwatar Zamfarawa,  Mai Suna Birnin Zamfara daga ƙarshe-ƙarshen ƙarni na 13 zuwa farko-farkon ƙarni na 14 , shune silar da zamfarawan suka tashi daga Dutci/Dutsi zuwa can Birnin Zamfaran, inda sunan Gonar Alkalin Zamfarawan ya amshe sunan Birnin na Zamfara.
A Wannan Wuri ne suka yi Mulki har lokacin da Gobirawa suka ƙwache Birnin daga hannun su a cikin ƙarni na 17.

HIKAYA MAFI TSAYI A DUNIYA

HIKAYA MAFI TSAYI A DUNIYA.

DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO

A wani zamani mai tsawo daya shuɗe, a daular larabawa, anyi wani hamshakin sarki mai ilimi da hikima.
  Wannan sarki yana da yawan neman ilimi, gami da yawan sauraron hikayoyi tun yana karami. Don haka ya zamana ya kiyaye mafi yawan hikayoyin da alummar zamaninsa ke labartawa mutane, har takai ga cewa da-zarar mai bada labari ya soma labarta masa wata hikaya, kafin yakai karshenta, wannan sarki zaice dakata, ai nasan wannan hikaya, ba itace karshen ta kaza da kaza ke faruwa ba?
  Da Sarkin yaga kamar ya kure masu bada hikayoyi na fadarsa, sai yasa akayi shela cewar yana so azo masa da hikaya mafi tsawo a duniya wadda zata bashi dariya, shikuma yasha alwashin zai bada gagarumar kyauta ga duk wanda yaci nasarar yin haka.
   Ai kuwa mai shela yabi kwararo-kwararo yana sanarwa, mutane kuma suka rinka ɗungomowa ga sarki, suna masu bada labarin hikayoyin da sukaji daga iyaye da kakanni, amma duk babu wanda yazo da wata hikaya wadda sarkin bai santaba, balle har yaji wani sabon abin dariya acikinta.
  Ana haka sai ga wani yaro karami ya karaso, yanaso akaishi gaban sarki domin yazo da dogon labarin dazai baiwa sarki, yana da tabbacin zai kayatar da sarki.
  Har Mutane sun soma hantararsa saboda ganin yaro neshi alhali ga manya sun gaza, amma dai sarki yace a iso dashi gabansa.
  Da yaro yai gaisuwa gaban sarki, sai ya fara bada labarinsa kamar haka:-
   Akwai wani mutum mai suna Mugambo, acici ne na hakika. Bai taɓa koshi ba a tarihin rayuwarsa. Duk tulin abinda ka bashi sai ya cinye, kuma bazai ce maka ya koshi ba. Har takai yakanyi shelar cewa wanene zai iya kosar dashi koda sau ɗaya ne a rayuwarsa?
 To Rannan dai sai sarkin garin mai Suna Sarfin, yace zaiyi maganin wannan acici, don haka a kawo shi gabansa zai ciyar dashi.
  Sarki yasa aka yi abinci daro-daro kala-kala sama da daro ɗari, aka kawo abinsha tulu-tulu, sannan aka zaunar da Mugambo, akace ga abinci, kayi taci har saika koshi
   Mugambo ya russuna gaban sarki cikin girmamawa, sannan yace Ranka ya daɗe, waɗannan duk nawa ne? Cikin farin ciki. Daga nan ya zauna dirshan kamar mai ɗaukar karatu, sannan ya soma cin abinci.
  Mugambo yayi taci, yayi taci, yayi taci, yayi taci, yayi taci.... Yaro mai bada hikaya yayi ta maimaita kalmomin yayi taci.. Yayi taci.. Yayi taci.. Tun daga safe har yamma.
  Sarki ya daka masa tsawa, yace kai yaro, wannan wanne irin labari ne haka sai maimaita abu ɗaya kakeyi?
  Yaro yace Ranka ya daɗe, daro sama da guda ɗari fa aka tara masa a gabansa, ga kuma abinsha duk a gabansa, a yanzu kuwa a labarin ko daro ɗaya bai kammala ci ba.
   Yaro yaci gaba da cewa da yaci yaci yaci, sai kuma yasha abinsha, yasha abinsha, ya kara shan abinsha, sannan ya cigaba da cin abinci.
  Yayi taci.. Yayi taci... Yayi taci.... Yayi taci....
  Sarki ya tuntsure da dariya, yace lallai wannan labari ne mafi tsawo dana taɓa ji.. Nasan zanuɓiya sgafe kwanaki ɗari an maimaita waɗannan kalmomi.. Kai fadawa ku kawowa wannan yaro kyaututtukansa ya tafi ya bamu wuri.
  Aka baiwa yaro tulin kyaututtuka, aka ɗora shi akan rakumi tare da kyaututtukan , sannan aka haɗa shi da bawa guda ya rakashi gida.
  Yaro ya zauna bisa rakuminsa cikin farin ciki, sannan ya cigaba da cewa Sai Mugambo yayi taci.. Yayi taci.. Yayi taci...
  Alummar wajen kuwa duk sai suka kwashe da sowa...

KANO DAGA TSAUNIN DALA: WATA MAHANGA A TARIHIN HAUSA

KANO DAGA DUTSEN DALA: WATA MAHANGAR AKAN TARIHIN HAUSA DA HAUSAWA

DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO
  08060869978
Kano ta dabo tumbin giwa, mai Dala da Gwauron dutse.
  Wannan wani shahararren kirari ne da kowa ya sani ana yiwa Kano, ta yadda ake koɗa garin  tare da  jiɓantashi da manyan tsaunikan garin masu suna Dala da Gwauron dutse.
Akwai maganganun masana da dama game da tarihin waɗannan tsaunika, sai dai kuma wannan wani tarihi ne da muka samo daga bakunan mazauna yankin da waɗannan duwatsu suke a wata ziyara da mukayi zuwa yankin.
Mal Yahaya Madigawa, matashi mai bibiyar tarihi kuma marubuci, shine ya zagaya damu wuraren da muke da bukatar gani, ciki kuwa harda saman tsaunin Dala, inda tsawon lokuta ake bautar aljana tsumburbura akai.
  Da fari dai, wannan mahanga ta tafi akan cewa Dala, Gwauron dutse da kuma Fanisau kamar yadda aka sani ba duwatsu bane, tarin ƙasa ce da wata ƙabila ta taɓa tarawa tsawon shekaru da suka gabata.
Ance Marigayi Mal Mudi Speaking, da wasunsa na daga cikin masu irin wannan ra'ayin.
Ance sunan wannan ƙabila Dala, kuma dalilin tara ƙasar na da alaka da al'adarsu ta tulawa ƙabarin manyansu ƙasa kwatankwacin gine-ginen pyramid da aka samu a ƙasashen Misira da Sudan.
Don haka ake ganin sa'ar da shugaban ƙabilar Dala ya rasu sai aka binne shi a inda tsaunin Dala yake ayau, sannan mabiya ƙabilar suka bazama kurfa-kurfa tare da lalubo ƙasa suna tulawa a saman ƙabarin, shine kuma har saida wajen ya zama tsauni babba kamar dai yadda ake iya gani zuwa yanzu duk kuwa da kasancewar Ruwa ya zaizaye tsaunin sosai.
Shi kuma Gwauron dutse ance gawar matar Shugaban nasu ce, yayin da ake kallon tsaunin Fanisau a matsayin kushewar ɗansu.
Ance asalin waɗannan ƙabila mai suna Dala mazauna duwatsu ne, kuma a Magwan aka sansu da zama baki ɗayansu. Koda yake, wasu na hasashen daga habasha suka taso tun zamanin Nana Bilkisu da Annabi Sulaiman A.S, yayin da wasu ke kallon kasancewarsu a matsayin jikokin ƙabilun NOK da kimiyya ta tabbatar da fakuwar su a wuraren arewacin Nigeria shekaru kimanin dubu biyu da suka gabata.
Babban abu dai shine, lallai da akwai alamar alaƙa tsakanin waɗannan mutane da akace sun zauna a Magwan da kuma ƙabilun da suka zauna a Lupur, Sontolo, Kwatarkwashi da sauran tsoffin duwatsu dake wannan yanki waɗanda aka tabbatar da cewa mutanen baya sunyi rayuwa a samansu, musamman idan aka kalli yadda ɗaukacinsu suka rayu akan duwatsu.
Wani Masanin kimiyyar tantance adadin shekarun kayan tarihi mai suna Mallam Habib ya faɗa cewar sunbi diddigin tarin wannan ƙasar dake tsube a tsaunin Dala a wani ɗan ƙwarya-ƙwaryar bincike da suka gudanar, har kuma sun samu cewa tsaunin na ɗauke ne da tarin ƙasa mabanbanciya da aka ɗebo daga wasu sassan kano. Har yake ganin an ɗebo ƙasar ne a wasu yankunan da suke tsakanin birnin kano zuwa Gwarzo.
Sai mahangar tace gushewar wannan ƙabila data auku tsawon lokaci ne ya kawo zamanin ƙabilar Barbushe, waɗanda suka gaji tsaunin har kuma suka rinƙa bautar aljanna tsumburbura a saman sa.
Dangane da shaharar wannan tsauni a zamanin da, har zuwa yanzu mun lura akwai wasu mutane daga mazauna yankin tsaunin Dala masu iƙirarin cewa asalin tushen su ba anan yake ba, kawai dai farauta ce tayi silar  zuwan kakannin su gefen tsaunin a tsawon zamani daya gabata, har kuma daga baya mutanen suka yanke shawarar zama a wurin.
Asalin wajen ance daji ne mai ɗauke da albarkatu, amma daga baya sai aka soma  haƙar tama a jikin tsaunin, kasancewar an ɗebo ƙasashe masu ɗauke da ita tamar tsawon zamani daya gabata, sai kuma ta kasance tana girma kamar yadda marmara keyi.
 Haƙo tama ɗin ne kuma ya sake janyo hankulan mutane suka rinƙa zama a yankunan, suna sarrafa ta wajen yin ƙarafa, sannu a hankali wajen ya zama gari mai haɓaka.
A irin haka ne akace wani shehin malami ya ƙaraso wurin daga ƙasar Libya mai suna Fatahullahi, wanda akewa laƙabi da Abul Raas, amma hausawa ke kiransa da suna 'Bunsurun Dala' wai saboda tulin gemanyar dake fuskarsa wanda yasha ban-ban da al'adarsu ta wancan lokacin.
Shehi Fatahullah ya riska a lokacin ana musulunci a kano, amma kuma hawa tsaunin Dala don neman biyan buƙatu bai saki kanawa daga abinda suka gada na maguzanci ba, wanda hakan yasa ya ƙirƙiro da wata al'ada data ɗoru akan musulunci bisa burin sauya akalar mutanen daga maguzanci zuwa ɗorar da wani abu na addini, wanda yayi hasashen idan addini yayi ƙarfi za'a tureshi baki ɗaya a ɗora mutane akan addini zuryan. Wasu na ganin tun daga can aka sauya dalilin hawa tsaunin da wani abu makamancin bikin takutaha.
Ance marigayi Fatahullah ya riski Kano a lokacin tana ƙarƙashin daular Borno ne, shine yasa wasu ke ƙaryata zamansa a Kano dube da rubututtukan da almajiransa sukayi suna masu ambatar sunan Borno a matsayin inda ya koma da zama, don haka tana iya yiwuwa a zamanin sarkin Borno Mai Idris Alooma ne wanda ya rayu tsakanin ƙarni na goma sha uku zuwa na sha biyar.
Har yanzu kuma kabarinsa yana gefen tsaunin dala, zagaye acikin wani masallaci kawwamamme.
Game da asalin Hausawa, mun samu cewar akwai daga mazauna yankin da suke cewar Hausawa na asali wata ƙabila ce mai suna 'MANGU', kafin daga baya a rinƙa kiransu da suna 'Maguzawa', waɗanda akace sun taso ne daga wani yanki na Jos. Kuma akace har yanzu akwai ɓurɓushin su dake zaune acan....

TARIHIN SARAKUNAN KANO A TAƘAICE

KASHI NA ƊAYA

DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
         08060869978

Mazaunan Kano na Farko
Marigayi Alhaji Abubakar Dokaji ya faɗa a littafinsa mai suna 'Kano ta dabo cigari' cewar tun a ƙarni na tara waɗansu maharba da babu takamaimen inda suka fito suka zauna akan duwatsun dake sararin da ake kira Kano ayau, watau misalin dutsen Dala, Gwauron dutse, Magwan, da Fanisau.
  Sai dai, wasu na ganin faruwar hakan ya auku ne tun a wajajen ƙarni na bakwai
   Farauta shine mafi akasarin abinda waɗannan mutane suka fiyi, amma daga bisani suka soma taɓa noma.
Sarkin Kano na ɗaya: Bagauda.
Masu haɗa tarihin Kano dana Bayajidda, sunce yawaitar rashin zama lafiya daga mahara masu zuwa kamen bayi ne yasa mazauna kano suka rinƙa kai ƙorafi ga sarauniyar Daura Daurama. A lokacin Sarkin Daura Bawo kuwa sai ya turo ɗansa Bagauda Kano don yayi mulki.
  Akace Bagauda yayi zamani da wani bafaden Barbushe shugaban masu bautar tsunburbura mai suna Jankare, kuma daya ƙi bashi goyon baya sai yasa aka kama shi aka yanka.
  Bagauda ya iske alƙaryun Gazargawa, Zadawa, Fangon, Zaura, Dundunzuru, Shiriya, Sheme, Gande, Tokarawa, da wasunsu waɗanda ke zazzaune a sassan ƙasar kano irinsu Wasai, Sontolo, Barkum Watari, Jakara,  Shike, karmami, Ringim da wasunsu.
Bagauda ya sauka a Dinari ya shekara biyu, sannan ya koma Barka ya gina Talotawa, sannan ya koma Sheme inda ya tarar da waɗansu manyan matsafa waɗanda ya mallake su, misalin Galosami, Barmi, Gazawari, Dabgege, Fasataro da Bakin Bunu.
   Ance sa'ar da Bagauda zai baro Daura ya taho ne da mutanensa irinsu Kududdufi, Buram, Isa, Baba, Akasan, Darman, da Goriba.
  Sai dai, Maje Ahmad Gwangwazo ya ruwaito shigen haka a littafinsa 'Tarihin Kano kafin Jihaɗi littafi' na ɗaya, amma akwai saɓani a wasu wuraren, musamman dalilin zuwan Bagauda daga Daura da kuma hawan Sarautarsa.
   A nashi ɓangaren, yace Bagauda ɗan Bawo tun yana yaro yake jin labarin yadda yankin Kano ke haɓaka daga mahaifiyarsa Sarauniya, don haka daya girma sai ya kwashi abokansa ya sulale zuwa kano. Kuma sai daya shafe shekaru biyu yana koyon yaren Hausa, domin shi Bamange ne. Sannan yace mutanen kano da kansu suka ga dacewar ayi masa sarauta saboda halayensa na kirki wajen yiwa jama'a Hukunci da kuma jarumtakarsa.
 Waƙar Bagauda kuwa da Mal. Abdullahi Kabuga ya rera mai bayar da tarihin Kano, ta nuna cewar Kafin Bagauda yazo kano, anyi wata gagarumar yunwa a wannan yanki daya zama ƙasar Hausa ayau, don haka mutane suka rinƙa barin  garuruwansu suna tafiya neman abinci. A haka Bagauda yazo kano ya sauka a Maɗatai, kuma ya soma taɓa noma tare da ganin albarkarsa. Daga nan ya aika gida iyalansa, ƴanuwansa da abokansa suka taho gare shi. Daga cikinsu akwai irinsu Shehe, Gwale,
A wata mahangar kuma musamman wadda ta fito daga wasu Maguzawan Kano, sun faɗa cewar Bagauda Bamaguje ne Bahaushe, wanda ya riski Kano daga yamma. Kuma asali ya baro gida ne da ɗan Uwansa mai suna Bugau. Bagauda ya rabu da yayansa Bugau a garin Baɗari yazo wurin wani ɗan kabilarsa mai suna Goɗiya ya zauna, daga bisani ya wuce zuwa kano.
  Bagauda dai yayi shekaru 66 a mafi inganci yana mulkin kano, kuma a zamaninsa ance an samu matuƙar tsaro da zaman lafiya a kano, duk da wasu na ganin har ya mutu akwai ɓurɓushin mabiya Barbushe da basa yi masa biyayya.
Sarkin Kano na biyu: Warisi
Ance shi ɗa ne ga Bagauda, sunan Mahaifiyarsa Saju. Alhaji Ahmad Bahago ya kawo waɗannan sunaye a matsayin manyan fadawan Warisi a littafinsa Kano ta Dabo Tumbin Giwa: Galadima Mele, Barwa,Buram, Sarkin Gija Koramayi, Maidalla Zakar, Makama Gargi, Jarmai Goshin wuta, Jarmai Baƙoshi da waɗansu.
Ance ya shekara 33 kan karagar kano, a zamaninsa aka soma naɗa sarautar gado a kano, watsu ƴaƴayen abokan mahaifinsa suka rinƙa samun sarautar iyayensu bayan rasuwarsu kamsr yadda ta auku gareshi. Kuma an samu zaman lafiya a mulkinsa, saidai ba kamar zamanin Bagauda ba.
Sarkin Kano na uku: Gijimasu
Ance shi ɗane ga Warisi, sunan mahaifiyarsa Yanusa, ya zauna a Garazawa da mulki tsawon lokaci, sannan shine ya soma bada shawarar yiwa kano ganuwa don kangeta daga mahara.
   A zamanin nasa ne kuwa aka soma ginin ganuwa, ya haɗa kusan kafatanin mazauna kano aka soma aikin ginin ganuwa. Bayan an gama, sai akayi mata kofofi takwas. Ance shanu ɗari sarki ya yankawa ma'aikata a ranar farko ta soma wannan aiki. Wasu sunce ya kasance mai yawan kyauta don haka ya samu nasarar haɗa kan jama'ar Kano a zamanin sa.
 Akwai masu cewa ya gina fadarsa ne a Madabo, amma wasu sunce a Gwammaja yayi ta.
Sarakunan kano na huɗu: Nawata da Gawata
Ance su tagwaye ne sunyi mulki tsawon shekara ɗaya kuma a tare, idan yau ɗaya na bisa mulki, ɗayan zai kasance a gida sai kashegari yazo yahau karagar mulki.
  Kuma tagwayen masu da ake gani har yanzu a hannun Sarkin Kano nasu ne aka haɗe wuri ɗaya tsawon lokaci.

TARIHIN FANISAU

TARIHIN DAKE YANKIN 'TSAUNIN FANISAU'

Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo, RN.

Tarihin garin Fanisau na komawa ne shekaru sama da dubu kwatankwacin shekarun kafuwar Kano.
   Wani tsoho mai suna Usman Abdul'aziz Jikan wakilin Shawara, ya sanar mana da cewa tarihin Fanisau da  tarihin Kano abubuwa biyu ne da suke a matsayin ɗaya.
    Babu wanda ya san ainihin lokacin da mutane suka soma zama a gefan wannan tsauni na Fanisau tun kafin ma wurin ya zama gari kenan amma dai an gamsu da cewa kusan duk shigen al'adun da suka wakana akan dutsen Dala an samu kwatankwacinsu akan tsaunin Fanisau.
    Wani Bamaguje da ake kira Gwambari Jade ne ya fara dawowa saman tsaunin Fanisau da zama daga kano sama da shekaru dubu ɗaya da suka gabata, shikuwa ya kasance Waziri ne ga Barbushe a wajen bautar gunkin Tsumburbura dake saman dutsen Dala tun a zamanin Maguzanci.
     Ance da mazauna Dala, da Magwan, da Gwauron Dutse gami da Fanisau duk maguzawa ne masu ƙabila iri ɗaya. Sai dai sanin tushen su gami da yarensu zuwa yanzu yana da matuƙar wahala.
   Irin waɗancan mutane ne suka soma zama a kewayen tsaunin Fanisau tun wurin yana ƙurgurmin daji.
 Tana iya yiwuwa albarkar namun daji dake wurin da kuma neman tallafin Aljanar dake saman dutsen ce ta sanya mutane suka rinƙa komawa yankin da zama, sannu a hankali har ya zama gari.
   Tabbas, akwai wata aljana dake saman wannan tsauni na Fanisau wadda ake kira da suna 'Aljanar Kan Dutse', wadda akace ita ƙawa ce ga Aljanna Tsumburbura. Wadda kuma aka samu cewa asalin maguzawan da suka soma zama a wurin suna mu'amala da ita na tsawon lokaci.
Ance tun a wancan zamani, takan taimaki garin wajen samun nasarar duk wani yaƙi daya taso. Sannan da zarar an tura mayaƙan Fanisau yaƙi zuwa wani yanki, har kuma sukaci nasara, sai aji garin fanisau ya kaure da guɗa. Don haka tanan mutanen garin kan gane nasarar yaƙin mayaƙansu tun gabanin su komo gida.
 Sannan duk tawagar data nufo garin Fanisau da yaƙi zata ganshi yayi duhu, hayaƙi na tashi daga gare shi.
   Wata majiya tace wani bamaguje mai suna Nisau shi ne uban Gumbarjado mai gida bisa saunin fanisau. Daga sunan ne aka samo fanisau.
A tsawon zamani, garin Fanisau ya kasance kamar wata unguwa ce dake nesa da birnin kano wanda sai an shige wani surƙuƙin daji ake kaiwa gareshi. Ance sai a zamanin Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Rumfa yasa aka zagaye garin da ganuwa, sannan aka fitar masa da kofofin shiga ta yadda da zarar yaƙi ya matso, sai mutanen dake zaune a kewayen garin su rugo su shige don meman mafaka.
Ance Sheikh Abdulƙadir Al Magili daya  riski Kano a wuraren ƙarni na goma sha biyar zamanin Mulkin Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Rumfa ya sauka ne a Fanisau, sarki yana aika masa da abinci gami da sauran ababen buƙata. Amma daga baya aka tasoshi ya dawo Zauren Tudu, dake Ƙofar Wambai ta birnin Kano.
Asalin sunan Fanisau ya fito ne daga wani shahararren malami daya soma zama a garin bayan gushewar mulkin Maguzanci, ana kiransa da suna Mallam Nisau.
Shaharar Mallam Nisau ta sanya har daga wurare ake zuwa ɗaukar darasu wurinsa. Don haka mutane kan ce 'Na tafi Fan Nisau'. Har daga bisani ake kiran garin baki ɗaya da suna Fanisau.
Garin Fanisau na cike da Mayaƙa waɗanda suka taka matuƙar rawar gani wajen kare martabar Kano. Shiyasa ake ganin akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa mai tsawo tsakanin mazauna Fanisau da kuma mutanen birnin Kano, saboda tun tale-tale, duk yaƙin da Kano zata buga sai ta tafi da mayaƙan Fanisau.
Amma sai a zamanin mulkin Fulani aka soma yunƙurin ginawa garin babban Masallaci tare da gidan Sarki. Kuma ana ganin koda sheik Abdullahi Gwandu, ƙani ga Mujaddadi Usmanu ɗan Fodio yazo kano, sai daya riski Fanisau.
An sanar mana cewa Sarki Ibrahim Dabo ne ya soma wannan aiki na gina masallaci, sai kuma babban ɗansa daya gajeshi watau Sarki Usmanu ya Kammala.
Daga nan kuma aka soma yin hawan Fanisau, inda Sarki ke ware rana dashi da tawagarsa su tafi Fanisau, ya zauna a gidansa tsawon yini ɗaya sannan ya komo birni, al'adar da har zuwa yau ba'a daina yinta ba.
Akwai labarun fitattun mayaƙa da yawa da aka taɓa samu a garin Fanisau, misalin su Samagi, Sha'aike, Ɗan Toro, Bashar, da wani mai suna Sa'adu Kuzo ku duka..
Sa'adu kuzo ku duka shine wanda akace a zamaninsa saboda tsabar jarumtaka, duk yawan dakaru zai afka musu har kuma yayi galaba akansu. Don haka jama'a ke matuƙar tsoronsa har takai ko Dagacin garin baya iya shigewa ta gabansa face ya cire takalmi.
Sannan ance ko ɓarawo aka kamo daga wani gari za'a kai shi Kano don yin hukunci, sai an kawo ɓarawon gabansa ya buge shi sannan ayi gaba..
 

BINCIKE A LUPUR, TSOFFIN MAZAUNAN MAGUZAWA DAKE RANO

BINCIKE A LUPUR, YANKI MAI ƊAUKE DA TSOFFIN TSAUNIKAN DA MAGUZAWA SUKA TAƁA KAFA DAULA.
DAGA
 SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
  08060869978

Lupur, wani ɗan ƙauye ne dake daura da sabon garin Rano, koda yake ana iya cewa manyan tsaunikan nan masu tarihi ne suka raba ƙauyen da garin na Rano, watau duwatsun Ƙurƙubu, Ƙurgum, Damusu, da Mairamu.
Manyan ababen  ƙayatarwa a ƙauyen sune duwatsun Jidal da kuma Tsiriri dake can ƙurya dashi, dukkaninsu kuwa suna da tsohon tarihi.
Don haka sai na yanke shawarar ziyartar gani da ido zuwa garin.
Kafin zuwana, na saurari labaru kala-kala game da waɗancan tsaunika. Daga ciki akwai masu cewa Fadar sarakunan farko na maguzawa na cikin tsaunikan Lupur ne, akwai koguna masu duhu da kuma ababen tsoratarwa aciki.
 Ibrahim Haladu, shine matashin daya amince yayi mini rakiya zuwa cikin surƙuƙin waɗannan duwatsu. Haka kuma mahaifinsa Mallam Haladu tsoho ne, masanin tarihin wannan yanki, wanda har Maimartaba Sarkin Rano kan aiko mutane gareshi domin jin abinda ya sani game da tarihin tsohuwar Rano.
 Bayan mun gusa nesa da gari, sai gamu daf da sashen ganuwa ginin dutse, wajen ya zama gomaki amma dai ana iya ganin ɓurɓushin duwatsu da akayi alamomi dasu tun abaya, muna tsallakata  kuwa sai yace mini yanzu mun shigo asalin garin daya fara kafuwa kafin komawa Rano.
Wurin kewaye yake da manyan tsaunikan can dana faɗa a sama, watau Ƙurƙubu, Mairamu, Ƙurgum, Damusu, da wasunsu, amma Jidal da Tsiriri na can ciki.
A saman waɗannan duwatsun na hango birrai farare suna ta kaikawo, shigen jikinsu yaso yayi kama dana kyanwa. Ɗan rakiya ta yace mini sun fito shan ɗorawa ne, kuma sun saba ganinsu suna fitowa gungu-gungu. Wani sa'ilin ma har ƙasa suke saukowa takalar faɗa.
 Ibrahim ya nuna mini gonakinsu a ƙasan waɗannan duwatsu, kuma ya sanar mini cewa birrai na zuwa suyi musu ɓarna lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Da muka yi gaba daga nan, akwai wani sashen gini da aka nuna mini na duwatsu. Wajen ance tsohuwar fada ce, mai ɗauke da zauruka da manyan ɗakuna, har ma da inda ake zama don yin fadanci.
Ban samu labarin sunayen sarakunan da sukayi mulki acikin wannan fada ba, amma dai ance mini wannan waje ya girmewa tsohon garin Rano dake can tsallaken duwatsun, inda shima ake iya ganin sashen gini na ƙasa da sarakunan zamanin suka rayu a ciki.
 Sai dai kuma ana tsammanin sai da wayewa ta zowa waɗannan maguzawa sannan suka sauko daga kan tsaunika tare da soma yin bukkoki a dandamarin ƙasa. A zamanin ance Sarki kaɗai ake ginawa gida da duwatsu.
Babu kuma takamaimen bayani game da hanyar zaɓen shugaba a wancan tsohon zamani, amma dai kamar yadda aka sani, bata wuce gado ko kuma fin ƙarfi.
Daga can ƙurya kuma akwai sashen ƙofofin shiga gari masu suna ƙofar Ƙahu da Ƙofar Bezo, ance mutanen da suka zauna a wurin sun samar dasu ne domin sanya ƙarin tsaro kafin a riski inda suke.
Baya da nan kuma sai wani babban dandali, inda aka asanar mini cewa ainihin wajen matattara ce, kasancewar akwai mutane zazzaune a kusan kafatanin tsaunikan, don haka suna samun lokacin da suke haɗuwa don yin bautar gumakansu misalin gunki Darmo, har ma da yin wasanni.
Daga wasannanin da akace suna yi baya da kaɗe-kaɗe da raye raye irin na maguzanci, akwai wasan Ƙwado da ayanzu akafi sanin mata dashi. Don haka har yanzu ana iya ganin wani dutse da suka ƙwaƙule, suka yi masa ramuka kamar tandarun waina, wanda suke wasan ƙwado a kanshi.
Ance wani sarkin Rano ya taɓa zuwa ya umarci a haƙe shi a mayar dashi inda masarautarsa take, amma duk tsawon haƙan da akayi sai dai aga dutsen na ƙara zurfi, daga ƙarshe sai aka haƙura ba tare da angano cibiyarsa ba.
A gefe ɗaya kuma akwai tsaunikan Tsiriri da Jidal waɗanda ana iya cewa sune sukayiwa wannan farfajiya ƙawanya.
Shi tsaunin Tsiriri anan ne kogo yake, watau inda Zamna Kogo ya samo asali, inda akace anan ainihin maguzawan suka rinƙa zama tare da iyalansu.
Na samu hawa saman tsaunin tare da shiga kogon, na ganshi da faɗi, da kuma duwatsun zama barbaje a ciki, harda wani faffaɗa da akace anan shugabansu yake. Sai kuma wasu lunguna da suke sadarwa izuwa gareshi..
Akwai kuma wata rijiya mai suna Kurfafiya a saman tsaunin wadda ruwa mai haske yake tsatsowa daga tsakankanin duwatsu, wadda kuma akace tarihi ya nuna cewar daga gareta mazauna duwatsun ke samun ruwansha, haka kuma bata taɓa ƙafewa ba.
Ance maguzawan da suka rayu a wajen basa sanya tufafi, sai dai su rufe tsiraicinsu da ganyaye.
Haka kuma farautar namun daji ce babbar sana'ar su, gasu karfafa, don haka suna yawan fita yaƙi ga maƙwabtan birane, suma kuma ana yawan kawo yaƙi izuwa garesu.
Kuna iya kallon videon wajen kai tsaye tanan:- https://youtu.be/laLgoxK1RCM

TARIHIN KARAYE

TARIHIN KARAYE

Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
  08060869978

Littafin 'Ƙaraye Maƙarar Maganar Kano' da Alh Shehu Garba Ƙaraye da kuma Umar Ƙaraye suka wallafa ya kawo manyan muhimman batutuwa na tarihi da suka faru a Ƙaraye.
   Daga ciki, sunyi maganar Wanzuwar garin ƙaraye tun kafin soma sarautar Bagauda a Kano, a shekara ta 999 miladiyya.
   Littafin ya tafi akan cewa tun da jimawa, akwai maguzawa da suke zaune a garin ƙaraye, waɗanda suke bautawa bishiyoyin kukoki da kuma na Rimaye.
  Daga Rimayen da aka samu ana yiwa bauta don samun tagomashi akwai Rimin yaki-yaki, Rimin Kwatankwaro, Rimin tagwaye, da Rimin kofar Zango. Sai dai littafin bai faɗi asalin daga inda waɗannan mutane maguzawa suka zo ba.
   Dangane da sunan wannan gari na Ƙaraye kuwa, a wani wuri littafin ya faɗi cewa Sunan shugaban Maguzawan farko a garin shine Ƙaraye, don haka ake kiran garin da sunansa.
Amma kuma a wani wuri na daban, littafin ya sake kawo cewar sunan ƙaraye ya zone daga yawaitar Ƙaro dake wata bishiya a tsakiyar garin.
     Garin ya soma kafuwa ne a arewa da inda yake a yanzu, kuma anan ya wanzu tsawon lokaci har bayan jihadin fulani, sannan ya dawo inda yake da zama yanzu. Koda yake, har yanzu ana kiran wancan gari da suna tsohuwar ƙaraye, domin akwai mutane zaune acikinsa. Kuma akwai alamu masu nuni da tsufan gari da kai tsaye akan iya lura da zarar an shiga cikinsa.
   Ana ganin Ƙaraye ta girmama, kuma ta shahara a zamanin baya, ta yadda faɗaɗar ta ya tuƙe da ƙasashen Katsina, Zaria da kuma kano, kafin daga bisani a kacaccala ta.
Haka kuma tayi tashen sadaukantaka da ƙarfi wurin yaƙi, tayadda tun sa'ar da ta ƙulla alaƙar zumunta da kano, ba'a taɓa samun wata rundunar mayaƙa data shigo Kano daga yamma don kawo hari ba, domin tun kafin isowarta Ƙaraye zata tarbeta tare da tabbatar da cewar tayi nasara akanta. Wannan shine asalin kiran ƙaraye da suna 'ƙyauren yamma da birni'.
   Tsoffin garuruwan yammacin kano da sukayi tarayya da ƙaraye a tsawon zamunna da suka shuɗe sune Baɗari, Goɗiya, Yalwan ɗan ziyal da kuma shanono, sai kuma Getso, da Ƙwanyawa, da Gwarzo daga baya, da wasu makamantansu.
Waɗannan garuruwa na fsrko suna da tambura da ake ƙaɗawa sarakunansu, wanda ke nuna bunƙasar sarautarsu da kuma haɓakar garueuwan nasu.
   Garin Ƙwanyawa na can yamma da Ƙaraye, kuma ya haɓaka ta yadda har akwai ganuwa kewaye dashi . An samu cewa awancan zamanin, dukkan garuruwan dake kewayen, basu da wurin fakewa idan an kawo harin yaƙi sama da Ƙwanyawa ko Ƙaraye. Da zarar sun shige birni aka ɓame ƙofa tofa sunsha, sai dai kaga sadaukai na hawa saman ganuwa suna harbo kibbau ga abokan gaba.
   Wata rawa gagaruma da ƙaraye ta taka itace lokacin yaƙin Jihadin fulani don tsarkake addinin musulunci a kano. A wannan zamani, ƙaraye ta fafata da dakarun masu jihadi aƙalla sau uku, kuma ta samu nasara akansu sau biyu.
Kashi na farko shine a lokacin da masu jihadi suka yaƙi Goɗiya, sai suka gangaro yamma da nufin barin ƙasar kano izuwa ƙasar Ghana.
   Karo na biyu kuwa shine a lokacin da masu jihadi suka dawo kano, sai suka riski dakaru sun haɗu ana saurarensu a ƙaraye, suka fafata dasu amma basu samu nasara ba.
    Sai da taimakon Allah masu jihadi suka karya lagon ƙaraye gami da ƙwace garin a karo na ƙarshe da suka buga.
   Ance a zamanin Sarkin Kano Sulaimanu ne aka ɗaga darajar Shugabancin ƙaraye izuwa darajar Sarki, saboda kasancewar wanda aka naɗa ya shugabanceta mai suna Mallam Adamu Kwasanlo, bafulani ne basulluɓe, wanda ya taka rawa a yaƙin jihadi. Don haka akace masa darajar sarautarsa ta sarki ce, yadda a gaba ba zaizo ya shiga sahun masu neman sarautar kano ba.
A yanzu haka, karaye ƙaramar hukuma ce a jihar kano. Kuma har yau sarkin yanka gareta, amma dai yana a matsayin Hakimi ne na mai martaba Sarkin Kano.
(Kaɗan daga tarihin ƙaraye kenan. Mai son jin ƙsri sai ya nemi littafin 'Ƙaraye Maƙarar Maganar Kano').

TARIHIN BIRNIN RANO

 TARIHIN BIRNIN RANO

Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
08060869978

Saɓanin abinda Marigayi Maje Ahmad Gwangwazo ya kawo a littafinsa 'Tarihin Kano kafin Jihadi' cewa asalin garin Rano daga wani mai suna Ranau ne da yazo ƙasar Hausa daga ƙasar Habasha tare da ƴanuwansa Maguzawa masu suna Gayya da Dala tun kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa A.S, bayani daga Rano ya kawo wata mahangar wadda ta saɓawa haka.
        A littafin da Maigirma Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure Tafida Abubakar Ila ya wallafa mai suna Tarihin Rano, ya kawo cewa ƙabilar Kwararrafawa da suka zo daga Kwararrafa ta cikin ƙasar Riruwai sune asalin kafa Rano.
   A cewarsa waɗannan ƙabila mafarauta ne, kuma wasu daga cikinsu ne suka baro garinsu tare da riskar yankin da Rano take ayau, suka ganshi cike da albarkatu da tsaunika, don haka sai suka yanke shawarar zama akan duwatsun suna noma da kiwo.
     Basaraken ya faɗa cewar Asalin sunan Rano yazo ne daga wani sarkin Rano mai suna Ranau, wanda wata rana aka kawo yaƙi ƙasar sa har kuma aka hallaka shi a wajen yaƙi, aka binne shi a gefen wani dutse mai suna Tajika.
   Yace kasancewar akwai ƙorama da mutane ke zuwa domin samo ruwan sha, sai mutane ke cewa mun tafi gurin Rauno ɗebo ruwa, daga baya aka koma kiran yankin da suna Rano.
     Waɗannan Kwararrafawa sun jima suna mulkin Rano a tsakaninsu, sun zauna da fadojinsu akan waɗannan manyan tsaunika na Rano misalin Dutsen Damishi, dutsen Kurgun da dutsen Mairama, kuma har yanzu akwai sawun wanzuwarsu a wurare mabanbanta, misalin wasu mashigai da sawun gine-ginen duwatsu da koguna masu duhu da aka samu wsɗanda akace mutanen sukan ɓoye acikinsu idan an kawo musu hari, waɗanda kuna zuwa yanzu sai jarumin gaske ne kaɗai zai iya cusa kansa ciki, daga baya sai Hausawan Haɓe suka zo suka ƙwace mulkin yankin baki ɗaya.
Dangane da sarkin farko a zuriyar Haɓe daya fara mulkin Rano, kusan dukkanin maruwaita sun haɗu akan cewa Autan Bawo, ƙani ga Sarkin Kano Bagauda, kuma jikan Bayajidda shine ya soma mulkin Rano. Sai dai akwai saɓani akan ainihin sunansa da kuma dalilin zuwansa Rano.
Barayan Kano ya faɗa a littafinsa cewar Zamna Kogo shine sunan Sarkin Rano na farko da Haɓe suka ɗora. Kuma ya nuna kamar yaƙi ne Haɓe suka kawo Rano har suka cita da yaƙi gami da ɗora nasu a mulki a wajajen shekara ta 1082 miladiyya.
 Amma Maje Ahmad Gwangwazo ya tafi akan cewa Hamza Zimango ne sunan wannan sarki, kuma shi ƙani ne ga Bagauda sarkin Kano na farko.
 A cewarsa Zimango yazo ne daga Daura da iyalansa, ya sauka a wurin yayansa Bagauda, har kuma yayan nasa ya labarta masa dabarun da yabi ya zamo sarkin Kano, watau ta hanyar Jarumtarsa da kuma alƙalanci na adalci daya rinƙa yi tsakanin mutanen Kano, sai shima Zimango ya tashi daga Kano yayi kudu, har ya riski Rano, anan ya zauna tare da maguzawan yankin, har kuma daga baya suka naɗa shi sarkin su.
Don haka, Rano ta shahara da mayaƙa gami da ɗaukaka gagaruma a zamanin baya, kuma ko a lokacin Jihadi, itace ƙasa ta ƙarshe da Fulani suka ci da yaƙi a zamanin Sarkin Kano Sulaimanu, lokacin da Sarki Alwali ya gudu daga Kano sai ya zauna a Rano sannan ya tafi Zariya, bayan shekara ɗaya ya baro Zariya ya sauka a Rano, ya wuce burum burum, kafin daga bisani rundunar mayaƙan fulani ta kawo musu yaƙi wanda yayi sanadiyyar mutuwar shi kansa Sarki Alwalin da kuma Sarkin Rano Jatau na lokacin. Suka naɗa sarki Dikko bafulani na farko a tarihi..

TARIHIN TSOHON BIRNI AUYO

Tarihin Tsohon birni 'auyo'.
                                       Daga
Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
Da
 Gaddafi Hussain Auyo



  Garin Auyo tsohon gari ne, domin kuwa tarihi ya bayyana mana  cewa Auyo na ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin birane kuma mashahurai a wannan kasa waɗanda sukayi sharafi har kuma ya zamo suna cin gashin kansu tun tsawon zamani daya gabata.
  Haka Kuma birnin Auyo ya jima yana ɗauke da tsarin masarauta wadda sarakuna ke tafiyarwa cikin ka'idoji gami da lura.
    Dangane da daɗewar Auyo, tarihi ya bayyana mana cewa ko lokacin da fir'auna Remesis II na zamanin Annabi Musa (A.S) yayi yekuwa tare da gangami daga manyan birane yana mai neman waɗanda suka kware akan sihiri da surkulle, a wannan karawar da tarihi ya ruwaito Firaunan yayi da Annabi Musa A.S, an samu cewa tabbas akwai matune a Auyo, har kuma wasu shahararru akan sihiri daga kasar Auyo sun halarci wancan taron tare  kuma da jarraba tsibbace-tsibbacen su a wurin, amma daga bisani da Annabin Allah Musa yayi galaba akan ɗaukacin Masihirtan, ance suna cikin waɗanda suka gaskata Annabi Musa (A.S) kuma sukayi masa mubayi'a.
    Har ila yau, akwai zance na gaskiya mai nuna cewar lokacin da tawagar wakilai daga  kasar Borno a zamanin wani Sarkinsu da ake kira 'Maidinama' suka tafi birnin Madina  domin su karɓo addinin musulunci a wajen Shugaba, Manzon Allah (s.a.w) har kuma suka tarar Manzon Allah yayi wafati sai Sayyadina Abubakar R.A ne ke Halifanci, har da mutanen Auyo acikin tawagar.
  A wancan lokacin ance shima Sayyidina Abubakar ɗin yana fama da yakuna, don haka yace su zauna kafin a samu natsuwa, har kuma Allah ya karɓi rayuwar sa. Amma da fara Halifancin Sayyidina Umar R.A sai ya taso da maganar, ya haɗo rundunar sahabbai da littattafai suka taho Borno..
 Kasar Auyo ta kasance mai  daɗaɗɗen tarihi, domin kuwa anyi imanin cewa duk wasu garuruwa da ake alakantawa da hausa bakwai ko banza bakwai, to kuwa Auyo ta girme su.. A ciki harda Daura, domin dai abisa kiyasi na bincike an gano cewa Auyo tafi shekara dubu biyar da kafuwa.
   Ance wani mutum mai suna 'Auya' shine ya kafa garin na Auyo, don haka daga sunan sane aka samo kalmar 'Auyo', kuma shi ɗan kabilar 'Bagirmine' waɗanda akace tun da jimawa suna zaune a arewaccin kasar Sudan.
       Kasar Auyo tana da mashahuran malamai masanan addinin musulunci. Tarihi ya bayyana mana cewa daga cikin malaman da sukayi fice a kasar kano akwai da yawansu waɗanda asalinsu Auyakawane.
  Garin Auyo yana ɗaya daga cikin garuruwan da anan baya-baya aka haɗe aka samar da masarautar Hadejia. Amma wannan gari sam ba koma baya bane acikin tarihin kasar Hadejia, kasancewarsa tsohon gari wanda ya daɗe da wanzuwa zamuna masu tsawo da suka shuɗe, gashi kuma sanan-nan gari daya tattara mutane masu baiwa iri daban-daban kama daga dakaru da baraden yaki zuwa uwa uba  malamai mahardata alqur'ani mai girma.
   Auyo ta jima ɗauke da masana masu ilimin taurari dana bugun kasa da masu lakkuna da sauran iliman asararu na tsaron kai da tsaron kasa, haka ma suna da mutane wadanda suka shahara  wajen sihiri da surkulle irin na wancan lokacin. Don haka muna iya cewa ita tunjimin gari ne wanda kome mutum yaje nema yana iya samu..
   

HIKAYAR WANI SARKIN HINDU DA ƊIYARSA HARIBAI

HIKAYAR ƊIYAR SARKIN DAULAR PITUGAR DAKE HINDU
SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO
A wani lokaci mai tsayi daya gabata a Hindu, anyi wani sarki a daular Pitugar mai jiji-da-kai. Sunansa Dheema.
  Sarkin yana da ƴaƴaye ƴammata guda biyu, dukkansu kyawawa ne. Ɗaya ta faye yawan surutu, gata da halin ko-in-kula, sunanta Kalimbai. Ɗayar kuwa sunan ta Haribai, kuma ita mai shiru-shiru ce da natsuwa.
   Da lokacin aurensu yayi, sai wani hamshaƙin attajiri ya fito neman auren babbar cikinsu watau Kalimbai, ai kuwa sarki ya bashi aurenta. Akayi gagarumin biki na ƙawa, duk gari kowa sai labari yake saboda kece raini da akayi a wannan biki.
  Bayan biki ya ƙare, sai Sarki Dheema ya lura da kaɗaicin da ɗiyarsa Haribai take fama dashi tun bayan auren yayarta Kalimbai, don haka sai yakan ware lokaci yana zuwa ɗakinta suna firar duniya da ita.
   Rannan sarki ya shiga ɗakin Haribai suna taɗi kamar yadda suka saba, sai idanuwansa yakai ga wani fai-fai a ɗakin mai ɗauke da rubutu kamar haka: "Duk gidan da mace mai hikima take a cikinsa, a koda yaushe zai rinƙa bunƙasa"
"Wanene ya sanar dake wannan zance?" Sarki Dheema ya faɗa yana mai nuni da rubutun dake jikin fai-fan.
 "Babu wanda ya sanar dani, amma da kaina nayi imani da hakan" Haribai ta bashi amsa.
 Sarki Dheema yayi murmushin yaƙe saboda yadda zuciyarsa ta sosu daga wannan magana.
Yace "kinga, ni Sarki ne, kuma kasancewata a gidan nan shine yasa komai da komai yake bunƙasa acikinsa. Don me zakice sai gida na ɗauke da mace mai hikima zai bunƙasa?"
  Haribai tace "Baba, magana ta fa haka take. Bunƙasar gidan nan ta dogara ne ga Hikimar mahaifiyar mu"
  Sarki ya fusata, ya daka mata tsawa yana muzurai, yace sam ba haka wannan zance yake ba. Amma Haribai ta dage kai-da-fata cewar hikimar mahaifiyarsu a wannan gida ne sanadin haɓaka da albarkar gidan baki ɗaya.
  A ƙarshe Sarki ya tashi ya fice daga ɗakin, yana tunanin hanyar da zai ladabtar da wannan ɗiya tasa, har ta gane cewa tayi laifi babba.
  Akan haka ya ƙudurce cewa shine zai lalubo mata ƙasƙantaccen mutum ya haɗata aure dashi.
  Cikin wannan mako Sarki Dheema ya lalubo wani mutum mai sana'ar saran itatuwa da faskarawa mai suna Nandu, yace masa "Kai Nandu! Zan aura maka ɗiyata Haribai"
  Nandu yace "Ranka ya daɗe ni talaka ne, sam-sam ba zan iya ɗaukar ɗawainiyar rayuwar jindaɗin da ɗiyarka zata iya buƙata daga gareni ba. Don haka bani iyawa".
  Sarki Dheema yace "aikuwa zaɓi biyu gareka, kodai ka auri Haribai ko kuma nasa a datse min kanka"
  Ba shiri Nandu yace ya yarda da wannan aure.
  Duk da irin dagewar da waziran Sarki gami da iyalansa sukayi akan hana wannan aure, amma ya kafe sai da akayi.
 Haribai kuwa bata taɓa ɗaga kanta akan lamarin ba.
 Akayi biki babu armashi, ta tafi tarewa a wani ruɓaɓɓen gida da mijinta Nandu ke rayuwa aciki nesa da gari.
  A kullum da garin Allah ya waye, Nandu zai ɗauki gatarinsa ya tafi daji sana'arsa ta saran itace. Acan ne zai wuni aiki, sai da marece  zai siyo kayan abinci da ɗan abinda ya samo, sannan ya kaɗo kansa gida abinsa, ita kuwa matarsa ta sarrafa abinda ya kawo ɗin zuwa abinci.
 Sai Haribai ta lura da cewa tana wuni bata aikin komai a gida har sai mijinta ya kawo kayan abinci da yamma take aiki. Don haka rannan sai ta shaida masa cewar "ina ganin, daga yau, ka rinƙa raba ƙuɗin da kake samowa zuwa gida uku, kashi biyu ka siyo mana abinci wanda zamuci sau biyu a rana, kashi ɗayan kuwa mu rinƙa tara shi, idan yayi yawa sai mu ƙaro sabon gatari.. Inaso na rinƙa binka daji aiki."
 Abinda ya faru kenan, babu jimawa kuɗin siyan gatari ya taru. Suka siya suna zuwa daji saro itace tare. Ya zamana ƙuɗin da suke samu a wannan aiki da wanda suke ajiyewa tari duk sun ƙaru.
 Jimawa kaɗan kuma sai Harimbai ta sake samun wata dabarar. Ta sanar da mijinta cewar ta lura da cewar maƙwabciyarsu nada dutsen tishi da ake niƙa alkama izuwa fulawa, don haka tana ganin ya kamata su siyo shi domin ƙara haɓaka hanyar samar da kuɗinsu.
 Nandu yayi murna matuka da haka, yace "duk yadda kikace haka za'ayi". Ya ɗauki kuɗin da suka tara ya nufi kasuwa. Bai dawo ba sai da ƙaramin dutsen tishi na dai-dai kuɗinsu.
  Sannu a hankali ya zamana suna iya samar da kuɗin da zasu iya warware matsalolin gabansu.
 Ita Haribai a iya niƙan data keyi tana samar da abinda zasuci a kullum. Don haka duk kuɗin da Nandu zai kawo gida ajiyewa kurum akeyi.
Daga baya sai Nandu ya ware fili a gidan, ya zamana a kullum itacen yake kawowa ya ajiye ba tare daya siyar ba.
 Rannan akayi sa'a, lokacin ana fama da muku-mukun sanyi, sai wani Sarki yazo shigewa ta wannan ƙasa da jama'ar sa.
Ya sauka a wani daji nesa da gari, sannan ya umarci barorinsa su bazama nemo itacen da za'a hura wuta don jin ɗumi.
 Koda isowar barorin cikin gari, sai sukayi kiciɓus da gidan Nandu mai ɗauke da tarin itace. Sai kuwa suka nuna buƙatuwarsu ga wannan itace. Nandu ya siyar dashi baki ɗaya garesu. Ai kuwa ya samu riba mai yawa daga wannan ciniki.
A wannan lokaci, Kar kaso kaga murna wurin Harimbai da Nandu.
Rannan kuma, Nandu yana saran itace, sai yazo kan wata bishiya mai kyau. Ganyayenta yala-yala, itacen jikinta kuwa sala-sala ne.
Daya komo gida sai yake nunawa matarsa kalar itacen daya samo a wannan ranar. Sai ta cika da murna, tace "Maigida, wannan ai itacen Sandal ne mai daraja. Aikuwa ya kamata ka ƙoƙarta samo irinsu da yawa ka girke a gidan nan".
Kasancewar Haribai daga gidan sarauta take, ta san darajar wannan itace. Domin sarakuna sunfi son ayi amfani dashi wajen ƙone gawarsu idan sun mutu ko kuma wajen shagalin bukuwan Havan da Pujan.
  Kashe gari Nandu ya tafi daji, ya lalubi wannan itaciya ta sandal tare da soma saran ressan ta a hankali ta yadda zata ƙara tohowa. Haka ya rinkayi a kullum, daga wannan zuwa waccan, har sai daya tara wannan itace da yawan gaske.
Akwai wata alƙarya a kusa da birnin Pitugar wadda aka wayi gari Sarkinta ya rasu. Kafin rasuwarsa kuwa attajirin gaske ne. Har kuma yayi wasicci da a ƙone gawarsa da itacen Sandal bayan rasuwarsa.
 Sai dai kuma akaf garin, an rasa wanda keda wadataccen itacen sandal da zai isa shagalin wannan biki. Akan haka ɗan sarki mai mutuwa ya bada cigiya zuwa maƙwabtan birane, har kuma akazo masa da labarin cewa akwai wani mai suna Nandu yana dashi.
  Sai yace aje wajensa a siyo masa itacen akan ko nawa ya yanka.
Barorin ɗan sarkin sukayi murna da suka tarar da cewa Nandu nada kalar itacen da uban gidansu keso kamar yadda labari yaje gareshi. Suka siyi itacensa da darajar gaske.
Daga nan fa Nandu da mai ɗakinsa suka fita daga kangin talauci. Tunda sun samu tarin dukiya.
 Nandu yasa aka gina musu ƙatan gida na sarauta mai cike da manyan zauruka, kai kace gidan sarkin garin ne.
Bayan tsawon lokaci da auren Nandu da Haribai, sai mahaifinta Sarki Dheema ya cika da tausayin ƴartasa, har ya soma da-na-sanin hukuncin daya ɗauka akanta.
Rannan sai ya yanke shawarar ya kai ziyara a garesu duka domin ganin halin da suke ciki.
Bayan ya gama shirya kyaututtukan dazai kai musu, sai ya tashi tare da da barorinsa, kai tsaye ya nufi gidan babbar ɗiyarsa Kalimbai. Yana ɗokin ganinta, a zuciyarsa yana rayawa cewar tabbas tana cikin farin ciki.
 "Ɗiya ta Kamli, yaya kike?" Sarki Dheema ya faɗa yayin haɗuwar su da Kalimbai.
Kalimbai ta rugo da murna, ta gaishe da mahaifinta. Sannan ta gabatar masa da ƴaƴayenta waɗanda tace ƙiriniya tayi musu yawa, ko makaranta ma basa zuwa.
Sarki Dheema ya kaɗu da yadda yaga wannan gida duk a hargitse. Ga yara duk babu natsuwa. Sannan Barori biyu ne kaɗai suka rage a gidan, yayin da a farkon aurensu gidan cike yake da masu hidimta musu. Tabbas da alamu karayar arziƙi ta gitta a wannan gida.
Ai kuwa da Sarki ya zanta da ɗiyar tasa sai ya gane cewar itace silar durƙushewar maigidan nata, domin kullum cikin buƙatar kashe kuɗaɗe take, ta gaza sauya rayuwa daga wadda ta saba a gidan sarauta zuwa gidan aure data samu kanta.
Ran Sarki Dheema a ɓace ya fito gidan, yace gida zai koma domin shawarta abinyi.
Yana isa kuma sai akazo masa da katin gayyata, akace masa wani attajiri ne yayi sabon gida yake gayyatarsa bikin tarewa domin neman albarkarsa.
Da sarki ya isa gidan, sai yake ta mamakin girma da kasaitar sa. Mai gidan ya fito ya tarbeshi. Sarki yayi mamakin yadda wannan baƙon attajiri yazo garinsa ya bunƙasa ba tare da saninsa ba.
Ana haka sai ga ƴarsa Hambai ta fito cikin kayan ƙawa, tana ɗauke da murmushi a fuskarta, tana mai marhaba lale ga mahaifinta.
  "Sannu da zuwa mai martaba mahaifina".
Sarki Dheema ya cika da mamaki, "ɗiya ta, gidan kine wannan!!!?"
Ta amsa masa da cewa "kwarrai kuwa"
"Tayaya haka ta faru?" inji Sarki Dheema.
 Hambai tace "Ranka ya daɗe, ka tuna da abinda ka taɓa karantawa a ɗaki na?.." Daga nan cikin ladabi ta zayyana masa duk hanyoyin da suka bi har rayuwarsu ta zamo haka.
Sarki Dheema ya gyaɗa kansa sama cikin mamaki. Ya raya a zuciyarsa cewa hakika ƴarsa tayi gaskiya.. Duk gidan dake ɗauke da Mace mai hikima, wannan gida sai ya bunƙasa.."








 

 
  

KOKAWA: TASIRI DA TARIHI

KOKAWA: TARIHI DA TASIRI

DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO

  Kokawa ba kurum wasa bane, al'ada ce da mutum yayo gado shekara da shekaru.
   Wani masani Kendall Blanchard ya kalli kokawa a matsayin daɗaɗɗen wasa acikin abinda ya rubuta a littafinsa mai suna 'The Anthropology of sports: An Introduction' saboda duba da yadda yace mutanen farko sun rinka zana hotunan masu kokawa a jikin kogunan duwatsu da kuma tarin mutane suna kewaye dasu suna kallo.
   Amma dai mafi yawan masana kimiyyar salsalar ɗan adam suna kallon kokawa a matsayin daɗaɗɗen abu wadda ake amfani da ita wajen gane jarumi a tsakanin mazaje ba kurum a matsayin wasa ba.
   Zuwa yanzu, yana da wuya a iya faɗar inda aka soma kokawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka soma yinta. Amma dai, idan muka kalli abin ta fuskar addinai, muna iya hasashen cewa 'ya'yayen Annabi Adamu watau Habila da Kabila ne suka soma karawa a junansu bisa saɓanin fahimta daya shiga tsakaninsu. Har daga bisani ɗaya ya kashe ɗaya.
   Yazo a rubututtukan masana kimiyyar salsalar ɗan adam cewa jinsin maza sunfi rashin-ji da rashin son zaman lafiya sama da jinsin mata, don haka a kusan kafatanin tarihi sune sukafi kara kokawa a tsakaninsu ba mata ba. 
   Wasu masanan kimiyya mata da miji masu suna Martin Daly da Margo Wilson ne suka samar da sunan 'Young Male Syndrome' domin nuna yadda matasa mazaje ke jin karfi a jikkunan su gami da saurin aukawa cikin yanayin gogayya ko karawa a tsakaninsu, ta yadda abubuwa irinsu kokawa kan shigo ciki domin kece raini.
  Ma'ana, da akai alamun cewa tun asali, mutum ya soma kokawa ne ba domin wasa ba, sai dai  bisa dalilai guda biyu:-
  Na ɗaya shine Kece raini.
  Na biyu kuwa shine samun daraja ko ganima.
   Masanin halayyar ɗan adam Aaron Lukaszewski, yayi wani bincike game da dalilan dake sa mutane ke yawan faɗa a Junansu, inda a karshe ya karkare da cewa mafi yawan karfafan mazaje sukanso kece raini a tsakaninsu, don haka akwai yiwuwar kartai biyu majiya karfi su kaure da kokawa bisa karamin dalili a  zahiri, amma a baɗini suna yin kokawar ne domin kece raini. Saɓanin jinsin mata daya lura da cewa karfafan cikinsu sunfi kawaici da hakuri, yayin da raunanan mata keda yawan son tsokana da tada fitina gami da amfani da hakora don tserar da kansu idan aka samu ɓacin rana.
  Dangane da yin kokawa bisa rajin samun tagomashi kuwa, akwai kyakkyawan hasashen cewa mutanen da suka gabace mu sun sanya kokawa ne a matsayin hanyar gane wanda yafi wani jarumta, ta yadda duk wanda ya samu galaba kuma shine zai iya samun babbar tagomashi akan ɗanuwansa.
   Yazo a tarihi yadda dakarun tsohuwar daular Girka data Misra ke shiga kokawa don auna kakkarfa da jurau a tsakaninsu. Haka kuma a daular katsina ta kasar Hausa, an samu cewar a wani lokaci ana iya zamowa sarkin wannan daula ne kaɗai ta hanyar kokawa.
   Wani masanin kimiyyar tarihin ɗan adam mai suna Napoleon Chagnon yayi bincike kan wata kabilar daji da aka samo mai suna 'Yanomamo' wadda ke zaune a kasar Venezuela.
  Suffofin waɗannan mutane da ayyukansu kusan irin na mutanen farko ne waɗanda akace sun fara rayuwa ne a afirka kimanin shekaru sama da dubu hamsin baya. Don haka ana iya cewa har zuwa yau kabilar Yanomamo na rike da al'adu ne kwatankwacin irin na mutanen farko da suke rufe tsiraicinsu da ganyaye.
   A binciken na Napoleon, ya lura da cewa kabilar suna kiran jarumin cikinsu da suna 'Unokai', sunan dake cike da girmamawa ga mutumin da yake da karfin kare kabilarsa daga makiya.
  Unokai yana zamowa mai yawan mataye, da yawan 'ya'yaye. Don haka burin kowanne namiji dake wannan kabilar shine ya zama kamarsa.
  Wannan ke zama silar da yara tun suna kanana suke koyan kokawa, domin na farko su kece raini ga sa'anninsu, sannan na biyu idan girma yazo musu su samu lakabin Unokai tayadda zasu samu tarin girma acikin jama'arsu gami da mataye da 'ya'yaye.
   Wannan shine babban tarihin da zamu rinka tunawa a koda yausjlhe idan muka kalli kokawa.
  Na farko dai mu gane cewar asalinta an sanyatane domin auna wanda yafi wani jarumta a tsakanin mazaje.
  Daga baya kuma sai aka rinka sanya darajoji akanta gami da mayar da ita gasa tayadda duk masu son mallakar girma, sarauta, mataye da 'ya'yaye da sauran abubuwan duniya masu daraja sai ace su shiga kokawa domin nema, wanda yayi rinjaye shine da nasara.
  Sabo haka kokawa tsohuwar al'ada ce wadda mutum yayo gadonta shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Shiyasa ake samunta cikin kusan kowacce kabila.
   Abu na karshe shine, tsarin kokawa yana nan bai sauya ba.  Domin har zuwa yau anfi yin kokawa ne a tsakanin mutane biyu domin samun wani abu mai amfani, kuma a tsakiyar tulin mutane masu shaidarwa.
  Sai dai kurum akwai wayewa da tayi tasiri acikinta tayadda ake sanya alkali mai lura da lokaci gami da yanke hukunci, da sanya yashi ko kasa ta musamman a wurin yin kokawa, sai kuma samar da abin kiɗa domin karfafa guiwa gami annushuwa tsakanin masu kokawa da masu kallonsu.