TARIHIN ZUWAN TURAWA ZARIA 2

 ZUWAN TURAWA ZARIA

Kashi na biyu

Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo

Sarkin Zazzau Kwasau ya gamsar da zuciyarsa cewa ko kaɗan ba zaiyi biyayya ga turawa ba, tunda kasar sace ba tasu ba. Kuma ba addini ɗaya gare suba. Don haka ya soma tunanin mafita.
   Akan haka ya aike wa Sarkin Kano Aliyu Babba wasikar neman tallafi, yana mai shaida masa cewar kiristoci sun yawaita a Zazzau, har kuma sun yi kaka gida gareta tare da maisheta mallakinsu, don haka yana neman mafita.
   Ana haka sai rikicin kisan Kyaftin Moloney ya bijiro.
   Shi Kyaftin Moloney, shine Rasdan na Kyaffi. Ita kuwa Kyaffi tana karkashin daular Zazzau ne a lokacin. Kuma Sunan shugabanta wanda yake a matsayin wakilin sarkin Zazzau a Kyaffi shine Magaji Dan Yamusa.
   Akace rannan Kyaftin Moloney ya tara mutane yana musu jawabi, yana karanto turanci garesu, wani bakin mutum kuma yana tafintan abin da duk ya faɗa.
Magaji Dan Yamusa da tarin wasu jama'a duk suna wurin.
  Kwatsam sai rashin fahimta ya dabaibaye tafintan kyaftin Moloney sakamakon tsauraran kalmomin turancin da Moloney ke karantawa, shikuma tafinta sai ya rinka yiwa turancin fassarar kalma da kalma..
   Akan haka ya faɗawa mutane cewar turawa keda iko dasu, da komai nasu. Har matayensu ma mallakin turawa ne.
   Ance kafin a ankara sai ganin kan Kyaftin Moloney akayi yana mirginawa a kasa, Magaji Dan Yamusa ya saro shi.
  Daga nan faɗa ya ɓarke tsakanin mutanen Magaji da dakarun Moloney.
  Daga karshe dai, Magaji Dan Yamusa ya gudu da tawagarsa zuwa kano. Sarkin Kano Alu Babba yaji daɗin abinda Bakonsa yayi, ya karrama shi tare da bashi mafaka.
   Duk da cewar akwai saɓanin inda wannan rikici ya auku, shin a Keffi ne ko a Zaria, amma dai turawa sun ɗora alhakin faruwar hakan akan Daular Zazzau, tunda acikin ikon ta abin ya faru.
  Sannan kuma sun damu matuka bisa abinda Sarkin Kano yayi, wannan yasa suka sake ɗaura aniya da kaimin tafiya kano da yaki duk da cewa daman fakonta sukeyi.
   Ganin haka sai Sarki Kwasau ya soma shirin guduwa, saboda ya tabbatar abinda zai faru ba mai daɗi bane.
  Ya sake aikewa da wasika ga Sarki Alu Babba na kano yana sanar masa da cewar lallai ba-suga ta zama ba, haɗari gagarumi na zuwa garesu.
   Sukuwa turawa sai suka ji tsoron idan Sarkin Zazzau ya gudu da mutanensa, to fa zaije ya haɗu ne da Sarkin Kano su kara karfi, don haka sai suka baza dakarunsu akan hanyoyin Zaria zuwa kano, zaria zuwa Katsina da Zaria zuwa Bauchi, da niyar hana sarkin gudu ko kuma a kame shi idan ya gudo.
   Rannan sai kurum Rasdan na zaria watau kyaftin Abadie, ya aikewa Sarki Kwasau gayyata domin tattaunawa.
  Sarki Kwasau ya fusata da haka, yace don me kamar kyaftin Abadie kirista da yake a kasarsa zai kira shi yazo, don haka ba zai jeba.
   Daga nan sai turawa suka samu yadda suke so, suka turo dakaru masu ɗumbin yawa cikin zaria, suka yiwa fadar Sarki kwasau kawanya, sannan suka shiga suka kama shi tare tafiya dashi Wushishi. Acan suka tsare shi har Allah yayi masa rasuwa.
  Kuma an samu cewar Sarki Kwasau yayi rubututtuka dangane da yadda aka kamashi da halin daya tsinci kansa. Aciki akwai wata takarda mai suna 'Nuzhatul Asiyr' inda ya rubuta cewar turawa sun kama shine bisa kin yi musu biyayya, a yammacin wata ranar jumua cikin kwanaki goman karshe na watan Jumada Ula. (dai-dai da 19-satumba-1902).
   Sannan kuma ya bayyana farin cikinsa bisa yadda suka kamadhi ba tare daya bi umsrninsuba ya zauna akarkadhinsu, hsr ma ya kamanta kansa da mutanen Ashabul Kahfi a wata waka ea aka samu ya rubuta.
  Daga karshe, sai turawa suka naɗa Galadima Salmanu sarkin Zazzau a farkon shekarar 1903.

TARIHIN ZUWAN TURAWA ZARIA 1

ZUWAN TURAWA ZARIA

Kashi na ɗaya

Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo

Tun gabannin mamayar turawa ga daular Zazzau, an samu cewa karfin daular ya ragu nesa da yadda ta kasance a baya sabili da wasu dalilai
   Da fari dai, akwai rikicin cikin gida daya mamaye kabilun fulani da suka jagoranci karɓe ikon Zazzau a zamanin Jihadi saboda neman mukami.
  Ance tun zamanin Sarki na farko aka soma wannan saɓanin  tsakanin Jagora kuma sarkin Zazzau na farko Mallam Musa da wani Ja'e shugaban kabilar fulani Yesgwamawa, amma sai aka bashi sarautar Kajuru aka zauna lafiya.
   Daga baya sai rikicin ya sake kamari bayan rasuwar Sarkin Zazzau Usman Yero, a wajajen shekara ta 1897 kenan.
  Hakan ya samu ne ta yadda kabilu huɗu na fulani da aka sani da mulkin zazzau suka nuna bukatarsu ga mulkin, kabilun sune Mallawa, Katsinawa da Barnawa.
   A cikin masu neman mulkin akwai ɗan marigayi Sarki Yero mai suna Madaki Kwasau, sai Mallam Lawan ɗan tsohon Madaki da kuma wani daga cikin 'ya'yan tsohon sarkin zazzau Mallam Sambo.
   Babban abinda kuma ya samar da saɓani a lokacin shine yadda Galadima ya tsaya kai da fata cewar wani kurma kuma Makaho mainsuna Mallam Muhammd ya kamata a baiwa sarauta. Mutane sunce hakan nada nasaba da kokarinsa na ɗora wanda ba zai iya kataɓus ba a mulki ta yadda zai rinka juya shi.
  Ganin karfin ikonsa yasa waɗancan kabilu na fulani suka dunkule tare da goyawa Madaki kwasau baya domin ya zama sarki. Akan haka suka nemi gudunmuwar Sarkin Kano Aliyu Babba, da kuma rundunar 'yan bindiga da mahaifin Madaki Kwasau ya kafa a zamanin rayuwarsa, shikuwa Galadima sai ya nemi goyon baya daga Sokoto.
   Ana cikin wannan kiki-kaka, sai wazirin sokoto Buhari yazo zazzau da niyyar masalaha. Ya lura da haɗarin dake ciki ainun idan aka ɗora wani ba Kwasau ba akan gadon mulki, tunda yasan yadda Basasa ta kaya a kano, sai kurum ya ɗora Madaki Kwasau sarautar Zazzau.
  Yin haka keda wuya sai wasu daga mabiya da garuruwa suka fara yin bore.
  Sarki Kwasau ya shirya yaki ya tafi Gwari, da Kataf da Kadara tare da tilasta musu yin biyayya a gareshi.
   Abu na biyu kuma da ya sake raunana zazzau shine hare-haren da take samu daga wasu sarakunan hausa misalin Maraɗawa da Ningawa.
  Idan dai ba'a manta ba, a lokacin Maraɗawa na tsaka da kai hare-hare kasar hausa. Bayan sarkin su Dan baskore ya mutu, sai wanda ya gajeshi mai suna Baratiya ya ɗora akan inda ya tsaya.
  Baya danan sai Mutanen Ningi, waɗanda akai-akai suke kawo hari ga birnin Zazzau. Shine har akace sun taba yiwa zazzau ɗin ruwan kibiyoyi a lokacin da suka kawo faɗa zazzagawa suka shige cikin ganuwa suka kulle kansu. Kuma har sun kwace ikon wasu garuruwa irinsu Soba, Dutsen Wai da Kubau daga Zazzau.
  Kari akan haka shine Sarkin Kwantagora Nagwamutse, shima a lokacin ya addabi zazzagawa da hari.
  Duk kuma a wannan lokaci turawa fakare sukai suna kallon zazzau. Saboda ance sun gama lissafa cewar itace cibiyar da zata fi a garesu wajen kafa sansani kafin kaiwa Kano da Sokoto hari.
   Kuma kasancewar akwai turawan mishan dake al'amuransu a Zaria sai ya zamana turawa basu da burki gareta, suna shigowa suyi hurɗoɗinsu babu tsangwama.
  Ana haka sai labari yazowa Sarkin Zazzau Kwasau cewa turawan mishan sun nemi wurin zama a Kano amma sarki Alu ya koresu, sannan rundunar dakarun turawa mai suna 'West African Frontier Force' (WAFF) ta kone garuruwan Remo da Kaje dake karkashin zazzau, kuma da raɗe raɗen zasu kawowa zaria yaki don hana cinikin bayi. Sai kawai sarki Kwasau shima ya kori turawan mishan daga kasar sa suka koma Girku da zama.
   Yin wannan keda wuya sai shugaban waccan runduna ta turawa mai suna Kaftin Kambell ya kawo ziyara ga sarki Kwasau, yace yazo kulla abota ne dashi tare da samar da yarjejiniyar zaman lafiya a tsakaninsu.
  Abinda ya kara kwantar wa da Sarki Kwasau hankali a game da turawa shine yadda suka kame kwantagora tare da korar sarkin su abokin hamayyarsa Sarki Ibrahim Nagwamutse a  shekarar 1901, sannan kuma suka kame sarkin a wani faɗa da sukayi a Maska suka aike dashi garin Lokoja aka tsare.
   Wannan yasa hankalinsa ya kwanta dasu domin sunyi masa maganin abokin hamayyarsa, suka rinka kwararowa cikin zaria suna lamurorinsu.
   Sai dai kwatsam babu aune, sai sarkin Zazzau Kwasau yaji turawa Sun ayyana Zaria a matsayin garin da suke iko dashi tare da kawo wani bature mai suna Kaptin Abadie da akafi sani da suna Mai jimina a matsayin Rasdan na garin, wannan yasa sarkin cikin damuwa da ɓacin rai.
   Ya shiga tunanin mafita a wannan lamari, gashi yana da rauni wajen faɗa da turawa, sannan sarkin Bidda ya aiko masa da gargaɗin kada ya kuskura yace zai buga dasu, gashi kuma yana jin kaskancine ya cigaba da zama a kasansu.
  Don haka mafitarsa biyu ce, kodai ya hakura ya zauna cikin kaskanci, ko kuma ya nemi taimakon sarkin Kano Alu yayi yaki dasu.
  Da tunani yayi zurfi, sai kurum ya zaɓi shawara ta biyu..

TARIHIN JIHADIN FULANI A ZAZZAU

YADDA JIHADIN FULANI YA KASANCE A DAULAR ZAZZAU

DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO

Saɓanin jihadin fulani daya auku a kano wajajen shekara ta 1803-1804, jihadi a daular zazzau bai auku ba a sai a wajajen shekara ta 1808.
  Dalilin haka shine karɓar kiran limamin yakin Jihadi, watau shehu ƳUsmanu ɗan fodio da sarkin daular Zazzau Isyaku Jatau yayi a zamanin rayuwar sa.
   Sarki Jatau ya aikewa shehu Usmanu sakon mubaya'ar sa a lokacin da Shehun yayi hijira zuwa Gudu. Haka kuma ya aikewa malamai masu yakin jihadi a kano bukatar aiko malami gareshi wanda zai koyar dasu addini, inda akace jakadun sarkin sun haɗu da malaman jihadin kano a gundumar Karaye, har kuma suka aike da Mallam Dan Zabuwa da wasu mutane gareshi.
  Daga baya mallam Danzabuwa ya faɗa ga malaman jihadi cewar sanda ya riski fadar zazzau, ya taras da Sarki Jatau abisa karagar mulki, sanye akansa rawani ne na mabiya sunni da Shehu Usmanu ya kawo saɓanin rawanin haɓe da sarakunan hausawa ke sanyawa kafin zuwan Shehu.
   Sai dai wannan abu ya tayar da kura a zazzau.
  Mutane da yawa basu ji daɗin yadda sarki Jatau ya bijirewa al'adun daya gada ba ya koma kan abinda shehu yazo dashi. Haka kuma yadda yasa aka rushe wurin bautar Iskokai tare da maishesu Masallatai yayiwa mutanen zazzau ciwo, ciki harda manyan fadawa masu faɗa aji ga Sarki.
  Akan haka akace wasu kusoshi a daular irinsu Magajiya, da Iya da Shebagu, da Wagu suka rinka haɗa kan mutane domin yiwa sarkin bore ko kuma a tilasta masa komawa tsohuwar al'ada, amma sarkin sam yaki biye musu.
   Ana haka sai sarkin ya gushe, masu zaɓen sarki suka haɗu akan ɗora ɗansa Makau amma bisa sharaɗai guda uku.
  Na ɗaya akace masa dole ya karya duk wata yarjejeniya da mahaifinsa Jatau yayi da Tubake, watau musulmai mabiya koyarwar shehu Usmanu ɗan fodio.
  ƁNa biyu dole ya hukunta waɗanda suka ɗora sarki Jatau bisa wannan tafarki na bijerewa abinda kaka da kakanninsu sukeyi a zazzau musamman limamin Kona da Limamin Juma.
  Na uku dole ya rushe masallatai da Sarki Jatau yayi, ya maishesu wurin bautar Iskokai kamar yadda suke a baya.
  Aikuwa da hawan sarki Makau mulkin Zazzau, abinda ya soma kokarin cikawa kenan.
  Akan haka yasa aka rushe masallatai har dana Jumu'a, aka maishesu wuraren bautar Iskokai.
  Sannan yasa aka kama Liman Mallam Muhammadu Lawal aka ɗaure a fadan-fadan, daga baya aka kashe shi. Shikuwa ɗaya limanin Mallam Hamidu mai Jan Rago sai ya gudu ya tsira da ransa.
 Koda labarun Waɗannan abubuwa suka riski Shehu Usmanu, sai ya haɗa tawagar mabiyansa karkashin Mallam Musa ya turo su Zazzau domin suyi yakin jihadi anan..
  A cikin waɗanda zasu taimaka masa akwai Mallam Yamusa, da Mallam Abdulkarim, da Mallam Abdulsalam waɗanda dukkansu sai da sukayi sarautar zazzau bayan sun samu nasarar karɓe iko da ita.
  Sai kuma malamai irinsu Mallam Usmanu Sabulu bahaushen kano wanda ya zamo Katukan Zazzau, da Dokaji bafullatani da akayiwa sarautar Galadima, da Mallam Hamma bahaushen kano da akayiwa Dallatun zazzau, da Mallam Gabdo bafullatanin 'Yandoto daya zamo limamin zazzau na farko bayan Jigadi.
  Sauran kuma mutane ne mabiya shehu Usmanu da suka fito daga wurare daban-daban, misalin Tofa, Yandoto, Borno, Katsinawa, Barnawa, Dan Dorori, Yeskwa, Joli, Gadidi, Bebeji da zaria.
  Sai dai tun kafin isowarsu har labari ya iske sarki Makau. Don haka ya tara dakaru masu ɗumbin yawa, ya aike da wasu kimanin dubu ashirin Hunkuyi domin tarar masu jihadi da ɗai-ɗaitasu.
  Ai kuwa dai, an gwabza faɗa da Masu jihadi a garuruwan Hunkuyi da Kudan har kuma an kusa cin galaba akansu, amma cikin ikon Allah sai suka samu taimako daga wasu sarakunan mulki na yankunan.
  Mutum na farko daya basu taimako shine dagacin Kauyen Durum, wanda ya kuɓutar dadu daga dakarun Makau.
  Na biyu kuma shine sarkin Fawan Likoro daya labarta musu yawan adadin dakarun dake gabansu a Hunkuyi. Don Haka sai suka yanke shawarar kauracewa yakin fito na fito, suka sulale ta Kudaru suka shige birnin Zaria ta kofar Bai ba tare da kowa ya sani ba.
   Wasu sunce Sarki Makau da mabiyansa na cikin gudanar da Sallar Idi masu jihadi suka karɓe iko da zaria, amma saboda hujjar kiyayyar Sarki Makau ga musulunci, wasu suka ce sam ba haka bane, yana bayan gari da dakaru yana sauraron yaji yadda ta kaya tsakanin dakarunsa da masu jihadi sai labari ya riske shi cewar masu jihadi sun karɓe ikon garinsa cikin ruwan sanyi.
  Wannan abu sai ya tsorata rundunar dashi kansa.
   Akace sai Sarki Makau yayi kudu tare da wasu tsirarun dakaru da basu wuce dubu uku ba, ya sauka  a garin Kajuru inda ɗan uwansa mai suna Albarka ke shugabanci.
  Daga nan sai sarki Makau yabar Kajuru ya tafi Abuja inda ya kafa mulki acan. Ance kuma shine dalilin da har yanzu ake kiran sarkin Suleja da Sarkin Zazzau ɗin Suleja.
  Shikuwa Albarka sai ya taho zaria tare da ɗan wani malami mai suna Abduljalil dake karantaswa a Kajuru, sukayi mubuya'a ga Mallam Musa, aka kuma karɓe su da martabawa.
  Ance shine Aka baiwa Albarka gida a kusa da Fada, kuma daga gareshi Sunan Unguwar Albarkawa ya fkto.
  Shikuma Ibrahim Tsoho aka bashi gida kusa da gidan wasu masu kakaki, kuma daga nan sunan unguwar Kakaki ya fito.
  Mallam Musa kuwa shine ya zama sarkin Zazzau na farko bayan jihadi. Kuma yayi mulki ne a gidansa dake Unguwar Kwarbai, bayan fadar Zazzau ba tare da ya shiga gidan sarautar Bakwa ba saboda tsoron kada ya sauka daga tafarkin Sunna zuwa aikata abinda sarakunan Haɓe suke aikatawa.
Kunji yadda Jihadin Fulani a Zazzau ya kaya.

TARIHIN DAULAR ZAZZAU 7

TARIHIN KAFUWAR DAULAR ZAZZAU

Kashi na bakwai

  DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO

3. LIMAMCIN KONA
  Kamar yadda yazo tun a farko, a tarihin Kona, ance wasu malamai ne da suka zo wucewa ta zazzau tun kafin ayi ginin ganuwa, suna neman inda zasu zauna. Sai babbansu ya kalli wani wajen yace musu "Ko nan zamu zauna? "
   Wasu sun faɗa cewar waɗannan malamai daga wani gari mai suna Kulunfardu suke can kusa da Borno, kuma sun zauna a wani wuri cikin kasar zazzau Inda daga baya ya zamo kauyen kona tun a wajajen shekara ta 1350.
  Don haka da aka gina ganuwa sai suka tashi daga Kona suka shigo zazzau.
 An sanyawa  kofar da suka shigo zazzau ta ciki suna Kofar Kona. Sunan Inda suka sauka kuma ya zamo 'Iimancin Kona', domin a lokacin sune malamai masu yin limanci a daular zazzau.
  Haka kuma wannan unguwa ta zamo wurin karantaswa, inda malaman ke koyar da ɗalibai ilimomi na addinin musulunci daga littattafai misalin Bukhari, Jamiu Sagir, Ashafa, Samar-kandi da wasunsu.
   Daga wannan unguwa ne kuma tarihin wasu unguwannin zazzau biyu ya ciro.
  Unguwa ta farko itace Limancin Alfadarai, wadda akace wani balaraben Misra ne ya taɓa zuwa zazzau daga Borno ya sauka a limancin kona. Sunan sa Mal Salihu, kuma a tare dashi akwai alfadarai masu ɗauke da tulin littattafai na addinin musulunci.
   Daga baya sai aka bashi wuri domin ya zauna.
 Inda ya koma da zama ake kira da suna limancin Alfadarai zuwa yau, kuma sai daya fifici malaman kona ilimi har ma ya zamo limamin zazzau.
 Unguwa ta biyu kuwa itace Limancin Iya.
  Ita kuma akace akwai wani malami kuma limami a Kona wanda ya nemi auren ɗiyar sarkin zazzau.
  Kasancewsr sarkin zazzau na lokacin ɗalibinsa ne wajen neman ilimin addini, sai ya aura masa ita.
  Daga nan sai sarkin ya bashi wurin zama dashi da iyalinsa ya bar kona da zama.
  Unguwar da limamin ya zauna ake kira limancin Iya.
4. ANGUWAR JUMA
  Ance wannan wuri na daga cikin daɗaɗɗun wurare a birnin zazzau da ake tsammanin tun kafin gina ganuwa akwai mutane a wurin.
  Amma dai abinda aka tafi akai shine, wurin ya haɓaka ne saboda masallacin zazzau na juma'a da aka gina tun karni na goma shabiyar zamanin Sarkin Zazzau Muhammadu Rabbo.
  Don haka akace ainihin sunan Unguwar shine 'unguwar masallacin Juma'a', daga baya mutane suka yanke shi zuwa Unguwar Juma.
  Akwai malaman Juma fulani da suke zaune a wurin. Ance Su jikokin mallam Abubakar ne da akace ya taso daga Futa Toro ya sauka a 'Yandoto, sannan ya zagaya Katsina, kano da Borno har kuma ya sauka a Zaria.
 5. ANGUWAR ZAGE-ZAGI
Akwai labarai masu saɓani game da tarihin wannan unguwa, amma dai kusan kowa ya yarda cewar asalin unguwar ya samu ne daga wani gida dake wannan unguwa mai suna gidan zage-zagi.
  Wasu suka ce su zage zagi larabawa ne masu yin fatauci da suka sauka a zazzau a karni na goma sha biyar. Sannu a hankali sai auratayya ta haɗasu da hausawa har suka ɓace cikin hausa.
  Akace da kalmar Zak -zak ake kiransu, kalmar data samo asali daga 'Zakkatu', fassarar ta shine takobi da larabci. Ance anji suna yawan cewa 'tazakzaka'  watau karike takobi shiyasa ake ce musu zak-zak, daga baya sunan ya koma zage-zagi.
  Wasu kuma suka ce ai kalmar Zak-zak na nufin tafiya sannu-sannu da larabci.
 A Wata ruwayar kuma ance wannan suna na Zage zagi ya samo asali ne daga wani balaraben Fezzan mai suna Usman bn Ismail wanda ya baro gida bayan rigimar data biyo bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa acikin danginsu a wajajen (1786-1806) har kuma ya sauka a zazzau.
  Da saukar sa sai Magajiyar gari ta nemi izinin sarki ta bashi wannan wuri domin ya gina gida ya zauna. Kuma wata korama dake kusa da wajen ake kira Zage zagi.
  Ita koramar ta zamo kamar dandali ne da ake yin bukin al'ada a duk shekara wanda sarki da sauran mutane ke haɗuwa a wurin ana kiɗa da rawa, abinda wasu ke ganin yayi kama da bikin 'gyaran ruwa ' da aka samu anayi a wasu sassan kasar hausa..
  Amma dai ance a lokacin jihadi mazauna gidan zage zagi basu goyi bayan fulani ba, don haka aka kore su daga gari. Amma daga baya da suka dawo sai aka basu wani matsugunin, aka kuma sauyawa unguwar suna zuwa Unguwar Katuka, amma dai har yanzu ance anfi sanin ta da asalin sunanta.
 6. UNGUWAR KWARBAI
Itace ungjwar bayan gidan sarki.
  Ana ganin sunan ya samo asali ne daga kofar bayan gidan sarki. Watau Kofar Bai.
  Amma wasu sunce sunan daga wasu dakarun sarki ya samo asali waɗanda suka zauna a arewacin unguwar masu suna 'yan kwarbai.
  UNGUWAR MAGAJIYA
Asalin unguwar ance gidan magajiya zaria ne, watau ɗiyar sarkin zazzau Bakwa Turunku.
  Amma daga unguwar aka fitar da Unguwar lalle, Unguwar kaho, da Unguwar magajin aska.
7.  UNGUWAR KUSFA
Shima wannan wuri tsohowar mazauna ce da akace anyi bautar iskokai a ciki tun kafin zuwan musulunci.
  Amma a hankali malamai suka soma zama a wurin.
  Wani mai suna mallam Tankiru akace ya soma zama tare da tulin ɗaliban sa a wurin.
  Daga baya sai mallam Shitu ya maye gurbinsa, wanda ya shahara sosai har ake zuwa daga sassa ɗaukar ilimi gurinsa.

TARIHIN DAULAR ZAZZAU 6

TARIHIN KAFUWAR DAULAR ZAZZAU

Kashi na shidda

  DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO
   Sauran sarakunan da akace sunyi sarautar zazzau da shekarun mulkinsu sune kamar haka:- (koda yake akwai saɓanin shekaru daga masu ruwaitowa)
23. Ibrahim 1539-1560
24. Karama 1566-1576
25. Kofa 1576-1578
26. Bako I 1578-1581
27. Aliyu I 1581-1587
28. Ismailu 1587-1568
29. Musa 1598-1599
30. Gabi 1598-1601
31. Hamza 1601-1602
32. Abdaku 1602-1610
33. Burewa 1610-1613
34. Aliyu II 1613-1640
35. Makama Rabo 1640-1641
36. Ibrahim Basuka 1641-1654
37. Bako II 1654-1657
38. Sukwana 1657-1658
39. Aliyu III 1658-1665
40. Ibrahim Dan Aliyu 1665-1668
41. Mamman Abu 1668-1686
42. Sune 1686-1686
43. Bako dan Musa 1696-1701
44. Isiyaku dan Gabi 1701-1703
45. Burema Ashakuka 1703-1704
46. Bako dan Sukwana 1704-1715
47. Muhammadu dan Gunguma 1715-1726
48. Uban Bawa 1726-1733
49. Muhammadu Gabi 1733-1734
50. Abu muhanad Gani 1735
51. Gabir dan Ashakuka 1734-1737
52. Makama Abu 1737-1737
53. Bawo 1737-1757
54. Yunusa 1759-1767
55. Yakubu 1765-1764
56. Aliyu IV 1767-1773
57. Cikkoku 1773-1779
58.Muhammad Maigamo1779-1782
59. Jatau (isiyaku) 1782-1802
60. Makau 1802-1804
Sarakunan zazzau na Fulani Bayan Jihadin Shehu Usmanu ɗan fodio:-
1. Sarkin zazzau Malam Musa 1804-1821
2. Sarkin zazzau Malam Yamusa 1821-1834
3. Sarkin zazzau Malam Abdulkarimu 1834-1846
4. Sarkin zazzau Malam Hammada ( kwana hamsin da uku yayi)
5. Sarkin zazzau Malam Mahamman Sani 1846-1853
6. Sarkin zazzau malam sidi
 ( shima wata ya yi yana mulki).
7. Sarkin zazzau Malam Abdulsalam 1853-1863
8. Sarkin zazzau Malam Abdullahi 1863-1873
9. Sarkin zazzau Malam Abubakar 1873-1876
10. Sarkin zazzau Malam sambo 1881-1890
11. Sarkin zazzau Malam Yero 1890-1897
12. Sarkin zazzau Malam Kwasau 1897-1903
13. Sarkin zazzau Malam Alu dan Sidi 1903-1920
14. Sarkin zazzau Malam Dalhatu 1920-1924
15. Sarkin zazzau Malam Ibrahim 1924-1936
16. Sarkin zazzau Malam Jafa'ru 1937-1959
17. Sarkin zazzau Alhaji Muhammadu Aminu 1959-1975
18. Sarkin zazzau Alhaji shehu idris 1975 zuwa yanzu.
  FADAR ZAZZAU
Ana kiran gidan sarkin zazzau da  suna 'gidan Bakwa', kuma yana nan a unguwar da ake kira kofar fada dake tsakanin Madarkachi da Fadamar Bono.
  Anan ne kusan duk sarakunan da suka hau karagar mulkin daular suke zama.
   Ance tun zamanin Sarki Bakwa Turunku aka gina shi, a wajajen 5036 miladiyya kenan, don haka ma ake kiran gidan da sunan sa.
  Wasu suka ce wani maharbi ne ya bada shawarar ayi gidan anan bisa dalilai na tsaro.
  Da fari, yace wajen kan tudu ne, zai baiwa jagoran gari damar kallon duk abubuwan dake faruwa a Kufena, Turunku, Hange da sauran unguwannin cikin ganuwa.
  Sannan wajen yafi kusa da tsakiyar gari inda da zarar an buga kugen taruwar jama'a, mutane zasu runtomu da gaggawa.
   Wannan fada an gina ta da turɓaya ne, kuma an kasa ta gida huɗu. Akwai Fada inda sarki ke zama da fadawa ayi fadanci. Akwai sashen da sarki ke kwanciya. Akwai cikin gida sashen da iyalan sarki suke. Sai kuma tsohuwar gida inda barorin sarki suke.
   Amma a karni na goma sha takwas, ance sanannan maginin nan mai suna Muhammadu Durungu, Babban Gwani ya sake sabunta gidan tare da gina masa sabbin ɗakuna na kasaita.
  Haka kuma bayan jihadin fulani, sarki na farko watau Mallam Musa bai shiga gidan ba bisa tsoron kada ya zama mai aikata irin abinda hausawan haɓe ke aikatawa kafin jihadi, don haka yayi mulkin zazzau daga gidansa dake unguwar kwarbai.
  Wanda ya biyo bayansa Mallam yamusa shima bai dhiga gidan Bakwa ba bisa wancan tsoro, sai yayi mulki a gidansa dake Unguwar kaura.
  Daga nan sai Mal Abdulkarim da yazo, shi kuma ya shiga gidan Bakwa yayi sarauta, kuma a lokacinsa akace magini Muhammadu Durungu yayiwa fadar gyara na musamman.
  Amma bayan mutuwar sarkin sai wanda ya gajeshi mai suna Hammade yaki shiga fadar, yayi kwanaki yana mulki ya rasu, sarakunan kabilar fulani Bare-bari suka biyo bayansa, suma sai sukayi mulkinsu a Unguwar kaura.
  Abdulsalam yayi nasa mulkin a gidansa dake Unguwar Bishar.
  Mal Abdullahi yayi mulki a kofar Doka.
  Mal Abubakar yayi mulki ba tare daya shiga gidan ba.
  Wanda akace ya komowa gidan shine Mal Sambo, kuma tun daga kansa har yanzu sarakunan zazzau na shiga domin yin sarauta.
   UNGUWANNIN ZARIA DA TARIHINSU
1. Anguwar Zaria
   Nan ne inda birnin zaria yake a yanzu.
Ance asalin sa fili ne babu kowa a wurin. Amma a lokacin da ake gina ganuwar birni zamanin Sarki Bakwa Turunku, sai wata ɗiyar sarki da ake kira Zaria tazo taga wannan wuri, daga nan sai ta nemi mutanen daular Zazzau da akace a lokacin cibiyar su na Turunku su dawo wannan wuri domin bada dama ga magina su kammala ginin fadar Sarki, da ganuwa, da rijiyoyi da kuma gidanta a Unguwar Magajiya.
   Don haka ake ganin tun abaya wurin ya zama cibiyar daular na wani lokaci, amma ana kammalawa sai duk suka tashi izuwa sabon waje.
   Tun daga nan kuma sai zaria ya zamo tsirarun mutane kaɗai ke rayuwa a wurin har zuwa karni na goma sha takwas da wajen ya haɓaka izuwa birnin zaria.
  2. Unguwar Salman Duna
   Ance sunan unguwar ya samo ne daga sunan wata mace mai Suna Salma, mata ga sarkin makera Duna da suka shahara a wajen.
  Wasu sunce wani maharbi mai suna Bono ne ya soma sarar wajen. Shikuma ya kasance miji ne ga zariya ɗiyar sarki Bakwa Turunku.
   Akace wata rana ya fita farauta sai ya riski wurin da ayau ake kira Fadamar Bono, sai ya jima yana farauta har sama da lokacin daya saba idan ya fita gida. Wannan yasa hankalin matarsa ya tashi ta biyo bayansa.
 ( Sai akace anan ne har taga yankin Zaria kuma ta kayatu da zama a wurin saboda ni'iamar ruwa da yake dashi, inda daga baya ta roki mahaifinta ya komo da jama'arsa wurin kafin a gama aikin gina gari. Ance jajircewar ta bisa haka yasa ake kiran wajen da sunanta)
  Amma wasu sunce wannan yanki na Salmanduna sanananne tun da jimawa, domin kuwa sarkin zazzau na farko Gunguma ne ya fara sanyawa aka gyara wurin da nufin fara yin noma a yankin. Daga baya mutane suka soma zama har ya zama unguwa.
  Sannan akwai wani yanki mai suna Babban dodo a jikin unguwar Salmanduna, inda akace a baya matattara ce ta bautar iskokai.
 Har ma an samu ana yiwa wata iska kirari domin shaida ga bautar da akayi a wurin. Ga kirarin kamar haka:-
  Duna na kar kashin kasa
  Arne Na gidan Nabijari.
Ko uwanka na Tsoronka
Bakaka mushagala
  Mai kallabi da hanjin yaro
  Talaka baya iya ajiyeki
Ko ya ijeki me zai baki
Sai dai ya baki bargon doki.
Ba dai ya baki jini ba.
  Wani mutum a wurin mai suna Mal Mahmud Aliyu, ya faɗa cewar  tun a karni na goma shabiyar  wajen ya haɓaka da jama'a sosai saboda waccan bauta da akeyi, kuma sai a karni na goma sha tara ragiwar mutane a wurin tayi kasa.

TARIHIN DAULAR ZAZZAU 5

TARIHIN KAFUWAR DAULAR ZAZZAU

Kashi na Biyar

  DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO

Akwai daga tarihin zazzau labarin wannan takobin mai suna Zazzau, wadda wasu ke kallon daga sunan ta aka sanyawa daular suna. Akwai masu kallon cewa asalin takobin ta sarki Gunguma ce wadda ya yaki abokan gaba da ita, don haka aka ajiyeta a masarautar bayan rasuwarsa ta yadda kowanne sarki yazo sai yasha alwashi da ita.
  Haka kuma babu takamaimen lokacin da sarkin Gunguma ya soma sarautar zazzau da kuma adadin shekarun da yayi dashi da sarakunan nan goma sha shidda da suka gabace. Watakila hakan ta faru kasancewar zazzau bata da tsohon ajiyayyen rubutaccen tarihi misalin irin na masarautar kano. To amma duk da haka, an hakikance rayuwar sarakunan ta wanzu ne sama da karni na goma sha ɗaya, zuwa kasa da karni na goma sha biyar.
  Haka kuma Leo Africanus ya ruwaito cewar a wajajen shekara ta 5012 miladiyya daular Songhai ta kasar Mali da Sarki Muhammadu Askiya na ɗaya ke jagoranta ta kwace ikon daular zaria. Watakila a lokacin sarki Muhammadu Abu (sarki na goma sha takwas) ne ke sarauta, ko kuma tana iya yiwuwa Muhammadu Abu ya hau sarauta ne da sahalewar torankawan Mali waɗanda suka kawo musulunci Zazzau tunda a jerin sunayen sarakunan nasa ne yafara da Muhammadu.
   Daga nan sai wani abu da akaji akan sarkin zaria na 22 Bakwa Turunku.
  Ance shine mahaifin Sarauniya Amina, da 'yar uwarta Khadija mai lakabin zaria wanda ya taso da cibiyar daular zazzau daga wani wuri zuwa wani.
  Khadija  ce akace ta kafa wani ɗan kauye mai suna zaria, wanda yanzu ya bunkasa har cibiyar daular zazzau ke ciki.
  Ita kuwa Amina anfi cewa ita sarauniya ce wadda sunan ta ya shahara a kasar hausa duk kuwa da kasancewar babu sunanta a jerin sarakunan Zazzau da aka bayar.
  Wasu na ganin abubuwa biyu ne suka sanya haka.
 Na farko akace bata zauna a zazzau tayi mulki ba a sanda ta zamo shugaba, sai kawai ta fita cinye garuruwa da faɗaɗa girman daularta.
   Abu na biyu kuwa shine wanda ake kallon Amina a matsayin sarauniya, kuma shugabar mayaka wadda ba itace lamba ɗaya mai faɗa aji a zazzau ba.
   An samu cewar a zazzau ana kiran 'yar sarki da suna Sarauniya, mahaifiyar sarki kuma da suna Iya. Ance waɗannan mataye biyu nada faɗa aji da matukar tasiri a masarautar zazzau
   Don haka wasu ke hasashen Amina a sarauniya kurum take, watau ɗiya ga sarki Bakwa Turunku, kuma ɗanuwanta shine wanda ya zama sarki bayan rasuwar Mahaifinsu, ita kuwa sai taci gaba da zamowarta sarauniya, wadda ta fita kasashe yaki na tsawon shekaru har kuma ta mutu acan ba tare da tayi aure ba.
   Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Bello ya karyata waɗanda ke cewar ba'a taɓa yin wata mace mai suna Amina a zaria ba a littafinsa 'Infaqul Maisur' inda yace a zamaninta ta cinye garuruwan dake makwabtaka da zaria musamman na Nufawa dana Kwararrafawa. Kuma suna biyanta Jizya. Harma sarkin Nufe ya taɓa aika mata da bayi Arba'in da kuma goro dubu goma. Yace kumu Amina tayi sharafi tsawon shekaru 34.
   Amma abu mai gaskata wanzuwar Amina shine wani kufai da ake samu a garuruwan da taci ko ta sauka wanda ake kira da suna 'ganuwar Amina'. Wanda kuma har yanzu akwai ɓurɓushinsa a garuruwa da yawa cikin kasar hausa dana makwabta.
  Kari akan kasashen da akace Amina taci galabar yaki akai baya da kasashen Nufawa dana Kwararrafawa, akwai kasar Gwari, kasar kano, kasar katsina, da kasashen yankin Nasarawa.

TARIHIN DAULAR ZAZZAU 4

TARIHIN KAFUWAR DAULAR ZAZZAU

Kashi na Huɗu

  DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO

SARAUTAR ZAZZAU

 Tana iya yiwuwa kafuwar wannan birni na zazzau ne ya samar da yawaitar hare-hare daga masarautun da suka kafu a yankin tun acan baya musamman daga dakarun masarautar Gurara (birnin gwari na yau) a wajajen shekara ta 1140.
  Sai dai kuma da alama yawaitar hare-haren ne ya sanya al'ummar garuruwan shawarar samar da ganuwa a tsakaninsu. Don haka kai tsaye ana iya cewar tashin hankulan mazauna yankunan zzzau ne ya sanyasu samar da ganuwa.
 Amma dai an samu cewar samuwar wannan birnin ya sanya wasu garuruwan sun shige cikin sabuwar daular zazzau domin neman mafaka, yayin da a hankali zazzau ɗin ta rinka haɓaka da faɗaɗa ikonta akan yankuna har wasu garuruwa irinsu Dumbi, Farakwai, Tsauni da Hange suka zamo karkashin ikon ta a farko, daga baya kuma irinsu kauru, kajuru, Fatika, kagarko, lere, durum da wasunsu suka faɗo gareta a baya-baya.
   Sai dai kafin nan, shin wanenen ya soma sarautar Zazzau?
   Kusan duk maruwaita tarihin zazzau sun bada labarin cewar wani mai suna Gunguma shine ya soma sarautar Zazzau, kurum dai maganganu akansa ne suka sha bam-bam.
  Da farko, akwai labarin daya zo cewar shi Gunguma, ɗane ga sarkin Daura Bawo ɗan Bayajidda.
  Akace sa'ar da masarautar Gurara ta takurawa Zazzau da hari, sai zazzagawa suka runtuma gareshi neman ɗauki. Anan ne ya turo ɗansa Gunguma domin ya mulkesu kuma ya samar musu da tsaro.
   Akace kuma a tare dashi akwai mutane goma sha shidda waɗanda sukayi sarautar zazzau ɗaya bayan ɗaya, tun daga kan sarki Matazo daya gaji Gunguma har zuwa kan sarkin zazzau Sukanau.
   Amma a wani zancen, ance wani maruwaici mai suna Al Maqrizi ya ruwaito a wajajen karni na goma sha biyar daga littafin 'Kitab Al Jogirafiyya' na Ibn Sa'id wanda akace shikuma ya jiyo daga marubuci Ibn Furtua wanda ya riski zazzau a zamaninsa cewar sunan asalin daular Zazzau na wani kauye ne mai suna 'Kunkuma', wanda akace sunan kauyen ya samu ne daga wani waishi Kunkuma daya kafashi.  
   Akace Mazaunan kauyen kunkuma kabilar kadarawa ne, suna kiran sarkinsu Bugwom.
   Sai dai saboda yawaitar hare-hare garesu sai suka koma Turunku da zama, daga nan kuma  suka sauyawa garin   suna  zazzau, sunan sarkinsu kuma ya cigaba a matsayin Kunkuma.
  Saboda haka ake kallon sauyawa sunan Gunguma yayi daga Kunkuma.
   Marigayi farfesa Mahdi Adamu ya taɓa kawo maganar haka a wata makalarsa mai taken 'Hausaland and Other Places of Northern Nigeria 1200-1600AD', har yake cewa ba abin mamaki bane don an sauya harafin 'K' zuwa 'G', watau sunan sarkin ya sauya daga Kunkuma na asali izuwa Gunguma tunda larabci kan iya amfani da haruffan 'k' da 'g' a wurare ɗaya saboda kamance-ceniyar su wajen furtawa, to amma dashi da wasu masanan sunyi shakkun zuwan Ibn Furtua kasar Hausa ballantana daular Zazzau.
  A wata fuskar kuma, ance Gunguma wani mafarauci ne Bamaguje wanda ya zagaya wurare kafin daga baya ya zauna a zazzau.
  Wuraren da akace ya riska kafin zuwansa zazzau sune:- Kawuri, Kargi, Rikochi, Wuchichchiri, Turunku, Kufena sannan Zazzau.
   Watakila tasirin Kufena wajen samar da ƴhaɗin kan wannan daula mai suna zazzau ne ya sanya ya zamo shugaba na farko a gareta.
  Amma dai, Waɗannan sune sunayen sarakunan daular Zazzau 22 na farko-farko daga cikin kimanin 61 da akace sun mulketa tun daga kafuwarta zuwa yanzu:-
1.  Gunguma,
2. Matazo,
3. Tumsah,
4.Tumasa,
5. Muswaza,
6. Suleiman,
7. Dimzaki,
8. Nayoga,
9. Kauchi,
10 Nawanci,
11. Macikai,
12. Kewo,
13. Bashirkar,
14. Majidada,
15. Dirahi,
16. Jinjiku,
17. Sukano,
18. Muhammadu Abu (1505-1530)
19. Guda Dan Masukana (1530-1532),
20. Nohir (1532-1535),
21. Kowanisa (1535-1536)
22. Bakwa Turunku