TARIHIN SIYASA A NIGERIA: TUNAWA DA RANAR 'YAN MAZAN JIYA
Kashi na biyu.
SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
08060869978
Turawan mulkin mallaka sun rinka shugabantar talakawan yankin Arewa karkashin sarakunan mulki na gargajiya abinda ake kira a turance 'Indirect Rule'.
A lokacin, an ragewa sarakuna karfin iko ta hanyar samar da wani tsari mai suna 'Native Authority' (NA) wanda ya kunshi Sarki mai kula da talakawa da karɓar haraji, sai Alkali mai kula da shari'o'i, da kuma Ma'aji mai kula da baitil malin abinda sarakuna suka tatyara. Don kowanne sarki zai fita likaci-zuwa-lokaci tattaro haraji da jangali wanda turawa suka kakabawa ga 'yan kasa.
Sannan kowanne magidanci tilas ya tanaji kuɗin da zai biya a matsayin haraji akan kansa da wurin kasuwancinsa. Sannan akan 'ya'yansa maza ma akwai haraji da ake biya.
Kasancewar yankin Arewa bai tumbatsa da masu ilimin zamani ba, wutar neman 'yanci da kawar da talakawa daga wannan kunci bata soma ruruwa da wurwuri ba a yankin, abinda kurum akafi sani shine an haramta cinikayyar bayi, to amma biyayyar da talakawa ke yiwa sarakai bata canza ba, duk kuma wanda yayi yinkurin tada kayar baya ko bore yanzun nan zai haɗu da fushin 'yandoka.
Mutumin da kusan za'a iya cewa shine ya fara kawo tunanin samar da kungiyar kwato yanci a yankin Arewa shine Mallam Sa'adu Zungur bayan yaje Lagos yin karatu yaga yadda su Dr Nnamdi Azikwe da Herbert Macaulay dasu Awolowo ke fafuti ga yankunansu, sai ya assassa kafa wata kungiyar malamai mai suna 'Zaria Literary Society' a shekarar 1939 sa'ar da aka tura shi aikin koyarwa a makarantar kula da lafiyar muhalli ta zaria. Daga baya sunan kungiyar ya sauya izuwa Zaria Improvement Union a shekarar 1941.
Sa'adu Zungur ya shiga faɗakar da masu ilimin boko 'yan uwansa na zamanin cewar zaluncin da turawan mulkin mallaka sukeyi a kasa yayi yawa, domin ba haka akeyi a kasarsu ba. Sannan yace akwai bukatar kowanne majalisar Sarki ta N.A akwai zaɓaɓɓun wakilai masu bada shawara kamar yadda akeyi a Ingila zakaga akwai majalisu da suka kunshi wakilcin kungiyoyi da talakawa karkashin masarauta, waɗanda kuma suke da faɗa aji a wasu lamurori.
A shekarar 1943 kuma sai wani ɗan gwagwarmaya mai rajin kwatar 'yanci shima ya kafa kungiyar nemarwa mutanen arewa mafita daga kunchin da suke ciki mai suna 'Northern Elements Progressive Association' NEPA bayan ya samu ganawa da Dr Nnamdi Azikwe shugaban NCNC. Matashin ɗan kabilar Ebira ne mazaunin kano, sunan sa Habib Raji Abdullahi.
A bauchi kuma, sai Mallam Sa'adu zungur da wasu malaman makaranta dake koyarwa a kwalejin Horarwa ta Bauchi irinsu Mallam Aminu kano da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa suka sake kafa wata kungiyar mai suna 'Bauchi General Improvement Union', daga baya suka tashi wata mai suna 'Bauchi Discussion circle'.
Ana haka sai jahohi suka rinka kafa kungiyoyinsu bisa ganin yadda 'yan boko 'yanuwansu ke kafa kungiyoyi don samar da cigaban jihar su. Ilimi da wayewar kai na zagayawa kenan sannu a hankali.
A kan haka kungiyar Samarin Kano ta kafu, wadda Su Abdulkadir Adamu ɗan Jaji suka kafa, sannan Kungiyar samarin Sokoto ta kafu wadda su Shehu Shagari, Ibrahim Gusau, Ahmadu Bello da Sani Dingyaɗi suka shiga a Shekarar 1947.
Waɗannan kungiyoyi sun kira zama domin samar da haɗin kai a zaria a tsakanin shekarar 1947 zuwa 1948 amma zaman ya tashi babu nasara bisa zargin akwai 'yan leken asirin sarakuna acikin mahalarta taron.
A wannan lokaci kuwa, zamanin mulkin Shugaban kasa Sir. Arthur Richard ne, wanda yayi sabon kundin tsarin mulki har ya sahalewa majalisar yankuna harda yankin Arewa damar zaɓen wakilai, to amma gwamnonin turawa na arewa da sarakuna basu bada damar kafa jamiyyar siyasa ba. Don haka zaɓen da akayi na shekarar 1946 kusan indifenda akayi shi.
A wannan zaɓen na 1946, aka zaɓi Alh. Muhammadu Ribaɗo ɗan majalisa daga Borno, aka kuma zaɓi Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ɗan majalisa daga Bauchi duk a zauren majalisar Arewa.
A shekarar 1948 Sa'adu zungur ya tafi Lagos don fafutikar kafa Jam'iyyar Al'ummar Nigeria ta Arewa JANA (JANA), anan ne kuma ya zamo akawun jamiyyar NCNC tasu Dr Azikwe.
A likacin kuma sai waɗancan kungiyoyi na arewa suka sake kiran zaman tattaunawa na biyu a Jos, wanda anan aka haɗu akan ya kamata a kafa kungiyar cigaban yankin Arewa mai suna 'Northern Progressive Congress' (NPC).
Wani Likita mai suna Dr R.B Dikko ne ya zamo shugaba, sai su Yusuf Maitama Sule, Abubakar Imam, Sa'adu Zungur, Aminu Kano, Yahaya Gusau, Dr. Rafi da sauransu suka zamo a kunshin jadawalin shugabannin kungiya.
A shekarar 1949 aka kama Habibu Abdullahi Raji da wasu mabiya kungiyarsa ta NEPA aka garkame a kurkuku bisa zargin su da sukar mulkin turawa ta hannun sarakuna, aka kuma cigaba da muzgunawa duk wani da yake aibanta Turawa ko sarakunan gsrgajiya.
Sai dai duk da haka, 'yan boko basu karaya ba tunda a shekarar 1950 kungiyar NPC ta shirya zaɓe a kano, anan ne kuma manyan mutane suka shigo ciki waɗanda ake ganin sarakuna ne suka ingizo su domin karɓe ikon kuɓgiyar tare da dakushe haskenta, anan aka shiga zaɓe kuma aka kawar da matasa irin su Yusuf Maitama Sule waɗanda aka kafa kungiyar dasu daga kunshin shugabanci.
Ana haka sai NPC ta soma rabuwa gida biyu, ya zamo ana samun saɓanin ra'ayoyi, da rashin fahimta musamman sa'ar da Mai
-Martaba marigayi Sarkin Kano na Lokacin Abdullahi Bayero ya bayar da lasisin kafa Sinima a kano, sai wasu sukace hakan daidai ne, wasu kuwa suka ce ba dai-dai bane, wannan abu tozarci ne ga addini, suka shiga rubuce-rubuce suna sukar abin.
Ana cikin haka Sai a shekarar 1950 wani mai suna Bello Ijemu ya bada shawarar kamata yayi akafa jamiyyar siyasa, ya kira masu ra'ayi irin nasa mabiya kungiyar NPC irinsu Abba Mai kwaru, Yusuf Maitama sule, Magaji Dan Baffa, Baballiya Manajan Banki da wasunsu suka kafa jamiyyar NEPU ranar takwas ga watan takwas da mutum takwas.
Wannan jam'iyya ta NEPU, ana iya xewa manufofinta kachokan adawa yake da sarakunan, tunda kullum cakakinsu don me shugabancin jama'a zai zama gadon-gadon maimakon a bajeshi mai bukata ya tsaya zaɓe kamar yadda kasashen da sukaci gaba sukeyi a duniya.
Daga nan kuwa sai adawa ta soma shiga tsakanin kungiyar NPC da jamiyyar NEPU. 'Yan NPC sukace sun haramtawa duk wanda yake Kungiyar NPC yin NEPU, suka kuma samu goyon bayan sarakuna sannan suka rikiɗe izuwa jamiyyar siyasa.
A lokacin, Maitama sule da Aminu kano da wasu suka bar NPC zuwa NEPU, shikuma Sa'adu zungur ya bar NPC ya cigaba da zamansa a NCNC. Sai fa adawa da sukar juna ta shiga tsakani, mabiya na zagi da cin mutunci.
Haka siyasa taci gaba da tsamari a Arewa, kowanne ɗan siyasa na ganin yafi ɗanuwansa kishin Arewa da kokarin samar da cigaba a yankin. Haka kuma a lokacin da Sa'adu Zungur ya kai shawarar cewa ya kamata jam'iyyar sa ta NCNC tazo ta haɓaka ilimi da rayuwar matasan arewa, sai yaga shugabanninta sunyi fatali da abin. Wannan yasanya shi dogon nazari tare da barin jam'iyyar, ya gane ashe ra'ayin 'yan kudanci kurum yake karewa, gashi kuma jahilci yayi katutu a Arewa,mutane da yawa sunfi gane suje duyi karta su likawa masu molo kuɗaɗensu, basu cika maida kai ga abinda ya shafi cigaban yanki ba.
Bayan dogon nazarin abinda ya kamata yayi, sai kurum ya rera shahararriyar wakar nan mai suna 'Arewa Jamhuriya Ko Mulukiyya' domin farkar da mutan Arewa kada su bari 'yan kudanci su hau kansu su danne..
Kashi na biyu.
SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
08060869978
Turawan mulkin mallaka sun rinka shugabantar talakawan yankin Arewa karkashin sarakunan mulki na gargajiya abinda ake kira a turance 'Indirect Rule'.
A lokacin, an ragewa sarakuna karfin iko ta hanyar samar da wani tsari mai suna 'Native Authority' (NA) wanda ya kunshi Sarki mai kula da talakawa da karɓar haraji, sai Alkali mai kula da shari'o'i, da kuma Ma'aji mai kula da baitil malin abinda sarakuna suka tatyara. Don kowanne sarki zai fita likaci-zuwa-lokaci tattaro haraji da jangali wanda turawa suka kakabawa ga 'yan kasa.
Sannan kowanne magidanci tilas ya tanaji kuɗin da zai biya a matsayin haraji akan kansa da wurin kasuwancinsa. Sannan akan 'ya'yansa maza ma akwai haraji da ake biya.
Kasancewar yankin Arewa bai tumbatsa da masu ilimin zamani ba, wutar neman 'yanci da kawar da talakawa daga wannan kunci bata soma ruruwa da wurwuri ba a yankin, abinda kurum akafi sani shine an haramta cinikayyar bayi, to amma biyayyar da talakawa ke yiwa sarakai bata canza ba, duk kuma wanda yayi yinkurin tada kayar baya ko bore yanzun nan zai haɗu da fushin 'yandoka.
Mutumin da kusan za'a iya cewa shine ya fara kawo tunanin samar da kungiyar kwato yanci a yankin Arewa shine Mallam Sa'adu Zungur bayan yaje Lagos yin karatu yaga yadda su Dr Nnamdi Azikwe da Herbert Macaulay dasu Awolowo ke fafuti ga yankunansu, sai ya assassa kafa wata kungiyar malamai mai suna 'Zaria Literary Society' a shekarar 1939 sa'ar da aka tura shi aikin koyarwa a makarantar kula da lafiyar muhalli ta zaria. Daga baya sunan kungiyar ya sauya izuwa Zaria Improvement Union a shekarar 1941.
Sa'adu Zungur ya shiga faɗakar da masu ilimin boko 'yan uwansa na zamanin cewar zaluncin da turawan mulkin mallaka sukeyi a kasa yayi yawa, domin ba haka akeyi a kasarsu ba. Sannan yace akwai bukatar kowanne majalisar Sarki ta N.A akwai zaɓaɓɓun wakilai masu bada shawara kamar yadda akeyi a Ingila zakaga akwai majalisu da suka kunshi wakilcin kungiyoyi da talakawa karkashin masarauta, waɗanda kuma suke da faɗa aji a wasu lamurori.
A shekarar 1943 kuma sai wani ɗan gwagwarmaya mai rajin kwatar 'yanci shima ya kafa kungiyar nemarwa mutanen arewa mafita daga kunchin da suke ciki mai suna 'Northern Elements Progressive Association' NEPA bayan ya samu ganawa da Dr Nnamdi Azikwe shugaban NCNC. Matashin ɗan kabilar Ebira ne mazaunin kano, sunan sa Habib Raji Abdullahi.
A bauchi kuma, sai Mallam Sa'adu zungur da wasu malaman makaranta dake koyarwa a kwalejin Horarwa ta Bauchi irinsu Mallam Aminu kano da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa suka sake kafa wata kungiyar mai suna 'Bauchi General Improvement Union', daga baya suka tashi wata mai suna 'Bauchi Discussion circle'.
Ana haka sai jahohi suka rinka kafa kungiyoyinsu bisa ganin yadda 'yan boko 'yanuwansu ke kafa kungiyoyi don samar da cigaban jihar su. Ilimi da wayewar kai na zagayawa kenan sannu a hankali.
A kan haka kungiyar Samarin Kano ta kafu, wadda Su Abdulkadir Adamu ɗan Jaji suka kafa, sannan Kungiyar samarin Sokoto ta kafu wadda su Shehu Shagari, Ibrahim Gusau, Ahmadu Bello da Sani Dingyaɗi suka shiga a Shekarar 1947.
Waɗannan kungiyoyi sun kira zama domin samar da haɗin kai a zaria a tsakanin shekarar 1947 zuwa 1948 amma zaman ya tashi babu nasara bisa zargin akwai 'yan leken asirin sarakuna acikin mahalarta taron.
A wannan lokaci kuwa, zamanin mulkin Shugaban kasa Sir. Arthur Richard ne, wanda yayi sabon kundin tsarin mulki har ya sahalewa majalisar yankuna harda yankin Arewa damar zaɓen wakilai, to amma gwamnonin turawa na arewa da sarakuna basu bada damar kafa jamiyyar siyasa ba. Don haka zaɓen da akayi na shekarar 1946 kusan indifenda akayi shi.
A wannan zaɓen na 1946, aka zaɓi Alh. Muhammadu Ribaɗo ɗan majalisa daga Borno, aka kuma zaɓi Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ɗan majalisa daga Bauchi duk a zauren majalisar Arewa.
A shekarar 1948 Sa'adu zungur ya tafi Lagos don fafutikar kafa Jam'iyyar Al'ummar Nigeria ta Arewa JANA (JANA), anan ne kuma ya zamo akawun jamiyyar NCNC tasu Dr Azikwe.
A likacin kuma sai waɗancan kungiyoyi na arewa suka sake kiran zaman tattaunawa na biyu a Jos, wanda anan aka haɗu akan ya kamata a kafa kungiyar cigaban yankin Arewa mai suna 'Northern Progressive Congress' (NPC).
Wani Likita mai suna Dr R.B Dikko ne ya zamo shugaba, sai su Yusuf Maitama Sule, Abubakar Imam, Sa'adu Zungur, Aminu Kano, Yahaya Gusau, Dr. Rafi da sauransu suka zamo a kunshin jadawalin shugabannin kungiya.
A shekarar 1949 aka kama Habibu Abdullahi Raji da wasu mabiya kungiyarsa ta NEPA aka garkame a kurkuku bisa zargin su da sukar mulkin turawa ta hannun sarakuna, aka kuma cigaba da muzgunawa duk wani da yake aibanta Turawa ko sarakunan gsrgajiya.
Sai dai duk da haka, 'yan boko basu karaya ba tunda a shekarar 1950 kungiyar NPC ta shirya zaɓe a kano, anan ne kuma manyan mutane suka shigo ciki waɗanda ake ganin sarakuna ne suka ingizo su domin karɓe ikon kuɓgiyar tare da dakushe haskenta, anan aka shiga zaɓe kuma aka kawar da matasa irin su Yusuf Maitama Sule waɗanda aka kafa kungiyar dasu daga kunshin shugabanci.
Ana haka sai NPC ta soma rabuwa gida biyu, ya zamo ana samun saɓanin ra'ayoyi, da rashin fahimta musamman sa'ar da Mai
-Martaba marigayi Sarkin Kano na Lokacin Abdullahi Bayero ya bayar da lasisin kafa Sinima a kano, sai wasu sukace hakan daidai ne, wasu kuwa suka ce ba dai-dai bane, wannan abu tozarci ne ga addini, suka shiga rubuce-rubuce suna sukar abin.
Ana cikin haka Sai a shekarar 1950 wani mai suna Bello Ijemu ya bada shawarar kamata yayi akafa jamiyyar siyasa, ya kira masu ra'ayi irin nasa mabiya kungiyar NPC irinsu Abba Mai kwaru, Yusuf Maitama sule, Magaji Dan Baffa, Baballiya Manajan Banki da wasunsu suka kafa jamiyyar NEPU ranar takwas ga watan takwas da mutum takwas.
Wannan jam'iyya ta NEPU, ana iya xewa manufofinta kachokan adawa yake da sarakunan, tunda kullum cakakinsu don me shugabancin jama'a zai zama gadon-gadon maimakon a bajeshi mai bukata ya tsaya zaɓe kamar yadda kasashen da sukaci gaba sukeyi a duniya.
Daga nan kuwa sai adawa ta soma shiga tsakanin kungiyar NPC da jamiyyar NEPU. 'Yan NPC sukace sun haramtawa duk wanda yake Kungiyar NPC yin NEPU, suka kuma samu goyon bayan sarakuna sannan suka rikiɗe izuwa jamiyyar siyasa.
A lokacin, Maitama sule da Aminu kano da wasu suka bar NPC zuwa NEPU, shikuma Sa'adu zungur ya bar NPC ya cigaba da zamansa a NCNC. Sai fa adawa da sukar juna ta shiga tsakani, mabiya na zagi da cin mutunci.
Haka siyasa taci gaba da tsamari a Arewa, kowanne ɗan siyasa na ganin yafi ɗanuwansa kishin Arewa da kokarin samar da cigaba a yankin. Haka kuma a lokacin da Sa'adu Zungur ya kai shawarar cewa ya kamata jam'iyyar sa ta NCNC tazo ta haɓaka ilimi da rayuwar matasan arewa, sai yaga shugabanninta sunyi fatali da abin. Wannan yasanya shi dogon nazari tare da barin jam'iyyar, ya gane ashe ra'ayin 'yan kudanci kurum yake karewa, gashi kuma jahilci yayi katutu a Arewa,mutane da yawa sunfi gane suje duyi karta su likawa masu molo kuɗaɗensu, basu cika maida kai ga abinda ya shafi cigaban yanki ba.
Bayan dogon nazarin abinda ya kamata yayi, sai kurum ya rera shahararriyar wakar nan mai suna 'Arewa Jamhuriya Ko Mulukiyya' domin farkar da mutan Arewa kada su bari 'yan kudanci su hau kansu su danne..
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