TARIHI: YADDA TURAWA SUKA GANO YAMMACIN AFIRKA 2

TARIHI ABIN TUNAWA: ASALIN YADDA TURAWA SUKA BINCIKO AFRIKA TA YAMMA
MUNGO PARK NAMIJIN DUNIYA.

Daga SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO

Kamar yadda muka faro wannan tarihin tun da farko, Mutuwar houghton tayi matuqar girfiza Ingila, kuma har ta fara kashewa mutane qarfin guiwar yiwuwar samun takamaimen labarin duniyar duhu dake Afrika ta yamma. Labarun qarya dana gaskiya suka yawaita a bakunan jama'a. Daman dai babban abin buqata a wajen mutanen ingila shine, sanin takamaimen labari dangane da kogin kwara, sannan sanin yadda Birnin Tambuktu yake, da kuma wani gari mai suna Tellem, wanda ake wai-wai din a kusa da timbuktu yake, kuma angina shine kachokan da Zinariya.
Ana cikin haka sai ga takarda daka wurin mungo park, wani likitan fida, kuma masanin tarihi da dabbobi yana neman Izinin tafiya zuwa afrika ta yamma do cigaba da bincike akan inda houghton ya tsaya. Bayan wani lokaci sai kungiyar African Association ta aikowa da Park takardar amincewa, sannan ta umarceshi daya fara shirin tafiya.
Ance A ranar 22 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1795, Mungo park yabar birnin Potsmouth na qasar ingila ta hanyar jirgin ruwa wanda ya nufi kogin Gambiya. Kuma a ranar 21 ga watan yuni na wannan shekara ya dira a gabar kogin Gwalkwas na qasar ta Gambiya, daha nan yayi tafiyar mil dari biyu izuwa wani gari mai suna pisania, wanda yake kasuwa ne kuma tasha ga matafiya.
A wannan wuri ne mungo park ya kammala shiri a tsanake, domin sai daya shafe watanni biyar a pisania yana sauroron labarun inda yake fuskanta yana kuma koyon harshen Mandingo dana larabci. Daga bisani, a ranar 2 ga watan Disanba na shekarar 1795 Park ya fara cusa kai cikin afrika tare da wasu 'yan rakiya guda niyu, wanda wasu suka bayyana sunan dayansu Ishaqa, wadanda kuma sukayi tsada da Park don yi masa rakiya a wannan tafiya tasa.
Park da 'yan rakiya suka dunguma bisa dokuna. Yana sanye da kayansawa kot ruwan shudi, da malafa mai tankwasa qarama, yana dauke da Malafa ta kare ruwa da rana, da qananun bindigodi guda niyu, da na'urar gwajin kwanoni, da kuma na'urar dake nuna hanya (compass) guda biyu.
A haka suka kutsa kai ta masarautar Kaarte dake qasar senegal a yanzu cikin matsananciyar wahala, suka ratse kuma ta wani gari mai suna Ludamar. Anan ne akace sarkin garin wanda ya kasance musulmi yasa aka kame su park aka garqame a kurkuku.
Saida Park ya shafe watanni hudu yana tsare cikin kurkuku sannan ya sami damar tserewa a ranar daya ga watan wuli na shekarar 1796, ya tsere ne kuma shikadai ba tare da abokan tafiyar ba. Abinda kurum ya tsira dashi shine dokinsa, sai kuma na'urar kamfas wadda ya maqe a qugunsa.
A ranar 21 ga watan yulin shekarar 1796, park ya samu nasarar isa bakin Kogin Kwara. Farin ciki wurinsa bazai misaltu ba. Ya zauna ya zurawa kogin ido tsawon lokaci, yau gashi ya cika burinsa domin tun yana yaro yake fatan risqar wannan kogi saboda tsananin labarinsa da yake ji, gashi ya zamo bature na farko daya fara yin arba da kogin kuma. Yanzu babban burinsa shine isa birnin Tellem da aka gina da zinare.
Daga nan ne park ya biyo kogin kwara tiryan-tiryan har tafiya mai tsawon mill tamanin, inda ya iske wani gari mai suna silla. Sai dai kuma talauci da gajiya ta risqar masa. Yayi amannar cewa cigaba da tafiyarsa halaka ce, don haka sai ya yanke shawarar komowa Ingila ba tare da ya isa Timbuktu ba.
A ranar 29 ga watan yuli na shekarar 1796 park ya juyo da tafiyarsa izuwa ingila. Ya biyo ta kudu da kogin Kwara tsakan-kanin kogin da wani gari mai suna Bamako yana ta tafiya slhar saidaya shafe mil kimanin dari uku, sannan ya isa wani gari mai suna kamalia a inda kuma ya kwanta rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Watanni bakwai park yayi yana jinya, wani mutumi ne ya dauki amanar sa har daga bisani ya samu lafiya, sai ya cigaba da tafiya inda ya isa Pisania a ranar 10 ga watan yuli na shekar 1797, sannan ya iso ingila a ranar 22 ga watan disanbar wannan shekara.
A iya rubuce-rubucen da Park yayi, ya yabi al'ummar africa da son baqo gami da kyautatawa. Shine ma a wani wuri yake cewa" a iya abinda zan iyacewa shine banbanci tsakanin baqaqen fatar africa da turan ingilishi shine sigar hanci da kuma kalar fata. Amma babu banbanci a wajen tausayawa da kuma kyautatawa dan adam"
Komawar park ingila lamari ne abin tunawa. Domin sai dayayi farin jini marar misaltuwa. A kullum maganarsa akeyi a kafafen yada labarai, dalibai da 'yanjaridu suka rinqa kai masa ziyara don jin labari daga wurin sa, daga bisani sai ya rubuta musu littafi ya bayyana tarihin tafiyar tasa a ciki. Sunan littafin "Travels in the interior district of africa".
Don haka wannan shine taqaitaccen tarihin zuwan Mungo Park Afrika na farko. Amma gamai son jin tarihin dawowarsa kogin kwara da zugar mutane a karo ba biyu, da yadda ya samu garin Tellem inda yake tsammanin birnin zinari ne, yana iya neman littafi mai suna "Mungo Park Mabudin Kwara" wanda Nuhu zariya ya rubuta, aka wallafa a shekarar 1948.
Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo