TARIHI: ASALIN BAKIN MUTUM DA MAZAUNIN SA
(Kashi na tara)
DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO
Abinda da dai Masani Christopher Ehret yayi hasashe akan k'asashen afirka ta yamma kachokan shine, yankin na dauke da sahara ne shekaru dubu uku kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S. Abinda ke nuna cewa wasu dubunnan shekarun da suka gabata, yankin ya kasance ne cike-da malalen ruwa. Daga baya kenan ruwan ya gusa, saharar ta matsa, sannan mutane suka dira a wuraren.
Koda yake, idan-da mun samu cikakken bayani kan mutanen farko na wannan yanki, da sai muce fahimtar yadda wayewa ke gangarowa shima yana da muhimmanci a garemu. Tayadda zamu iya lissafa lokacin da bakin mutum ya fara dira wadannan yankuna ta hanyar auna wayewar da yazo da yazo da ita da kuma wadda daular bakin mutum ke da ita.
Masana dai, sun fadi cewa gangarowar wayewa na iya kasancewa ta hanyoyi masu yawa, kamar misalin daga iyaye zuwa 'ya'yaye, ko daga wata alk'arya izuwa wata, da dai sauransu.
Sannan daga binciken kimiyyar da aka gudanar a yankin, an samu wasu alamomi masu nuna alamun rayuwa ta wanzu a wannan guri shekaru masu yawa da suka gabata.
Ga wasu misalan irin su:-
1. A shekarar 1943 an samu wasu burbushin katakwaye da burbushin tukwane a wani Kogon dutse dake garin 'Samun dukiya' na k'aramar hukumar Jaba ta jihar Kaduna. Masana sun auna jimawar kayayyakin da aka samu, sun kuma yi hasashen dadewar su ta riskar wa shekara ta 1000 kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S. Masani Bernard Fagg shine wanda ya binciko abubuwan yayin da suke aikin hak'o ma'adinai a wurin.
2. An samu burbushin masana'antar sarrafa tama da k'arafa a gefen wani tsauni dake yankin Azbin, jihar Agadez na jamhuriyar Niger. Binciken masana ya nuna cewa wajen masana'antar sarrafa tama ne, wanda ya wanzu kimanin shekaru dubu uku zuwa dubu biyu da dari biyar kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S.
Masani Christopher Ehret ne ya binciko su, an kuma rubuta rahoton binciken a littafin 'The civilizations of Africa', shafi na 136.
3. Haka nan, an samu wasu sassak'en mutum-mutumai da tukwane gami da wata guntuwar wuka da aka kera da k'arfe a wani yanki mai suna 'Taruga' dake kusa da kauyen 'Takushara', kimanin nisan kilomita sittin a kudu maso gabashin birnin tarayya Abuja.
Kayayyakin bincike sun auna cewa abubuwan da aka samu din sun wanzu ne tun a wajajen shekara ta dari biyar kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S, izuwa shekara ta dari biyu miladiyya. Hasashen masanan ya kuma nuna cewar ainihin wurin danshi ne, yana dauke kuma da dogayen bishiyoyi masu nagarta wajen yin katakwaye. Sai ake hasashen wannan abu ne ya janyo mutane suka rayu a wurin, sannan kuma ake hasashen watakila bushewar wurin data auku daga baya, shine sanadin tashin al'ummar wurin izuwa yankin kudu. A yanzu haka, wasu na ganin k'abilun Igala, Nupe, yoruba da Igbo duk tsatso ne daga waccan al'umma.
Idan kuwa har wannan abu gaskiya ne, ana iya cewa wata daula ta wanzu kenan a wurin wadda ta shafe kimanin shekaru dari bakwai tana rayuwa kafin daga bisani ta fashe tare da fantsama izuwa sauran wurare.
Wannan bayani dai yana nan a shafi na 433 na littafin 'The Archeology of Africa: Food, Metals and Towns' na Thurstan Shaw.
4. Akwai maganar Samun wani mutum-mutumin da wasu buraguzai a garin 'katsina Ala' dake jihar Benue ma. Masanin akiyoloji Bernand Fagg Evelyn yayi hasashen mutum-mutumin siffar mutanen da suka gabaci mutanen ne, ko kuma siffar iskokai (aljannu) ake nufi dashi.
Sauran abubuwan kuma, lissafin masana akiyoloji ya sanya su a wuraren shekara ta dubu daya kafin aiko Annabi Isa A.S.
5. An samu wasu alamomin rayuwa a garin Jos wadanda shekarun su ya tasamma dubu daya kafin aiko AnnabivIsa A.S. Masana da yawa sunyi hasashen wadancan mutane da suka zauna a tsohuwar Jos, da kuma wasu shigen su da akaga alamun su akan dutsen Kwatarkwashi dake Yankin Zamfara a yau, shekaru dubu uku da suka gabata, Sune asalin zuriyar da k'abilun Hausa, Birum, kanuri, Nupe da Jukun suka samo tsatso daga garesu.
6. Sannan akwai binciken da farfesa Yusuf Adamu na jami'ar Bayero dake kano ya bamu labarin suna gudanarwa tare da abokan aikin sa a yankin Daura, inda suma suke bin diddigin wasu alamomin rayuwar mutanen-da, wadanda ake hasashen sun rayu a wurin kimanin shekaru dubu hudu da suka gabata daga yanzu.
Baya da haka, akwai labarin baka da mazauna garin Auyo suka bayar na cewa garin ya samu kafuwa tun zamanin Annabi Musa A.S (kimanin shekara ta dubu da dari hudu kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S.).
Duk wadannan misalai ne dake nuna gangarowar bakin mutum shekaru masu yawa da suka gabata.
Tarihin wadancan mutane ya bace ne saboda rashin rubutu. Watakila hakan na nufin mutanen da suka gangaro wadannan yankuna mafarauta ne da sauran masu bukata a yankin wadanda muna iya cewa basu koyi ilimai ba, ko kuma sunyi wofi da iliman da suka koya. Tunda bincike ya nuna cewa akwai ilimi na karatu da rubutu a tsohuwar daular bakar fata.
Watakila dai zuzzurfan bincike akan tarihin kwararowar ilimai da wayewa, sauyawar al'adu, k'wayoyin halitta da sauyawar harasa sune zasu bada damar fahimtar yadda asalin kabilun mu da al'adun mu suke tun da farko.
(Kashi na tara)
DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO
Abinda da dai Masani Christopher Ehret yayi hasashe akan k'asashen afirka ta yamma kachokan shine, yankin na dauke da sahara ne shekaru dubu uku kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S. Abinda ke nuna cewa wasu dubunnan shekarun da suka gabata, yankin ya kasance ne cike-da malalen ruwa. Daga baya kenan ruwan ya gusa, saharar ta matsa, sannan mutane suka dira a wuraren.
Koda yake, idan-da mun samu cikakken bayani kan mutanen farko na wannan yanki, da sai muce fahimtar yadda wayewa ke gangarowa shima yana da muhimmanci a garemu. Tayadda zamu iya lissafa lokacin da bakin mutum ya fara dira wadannan yankuna ta hanyar auna wayewar da yazo da yazo da ita da kuma wadda daular bakin mutum ke da ita.
Masana dai, sun fadi cewa gangarowar wayewa na iya kasancewa ta hanyoyi masu yawa, kamar misalin daga iyaye zuwa 'ya'yaye, ko daga wata alk'arya izuwa wata, da dai sauransu.
Sannan daga binciken kimiyyar da aka gudanar a yankin, an samu wasu alamomi masu nuna alamun rayuwa ta wanzu a wannan guri shekaru masu yawa da suka gabata.
Ga wasu misalan irin su:-
1. A shekarar 1943 an samu wasu burbushin katakwaye da burbushin tukwane a wani Kogon dutse dake garin 'Samun dukiya' na k'aramar hukumar Jaba ta jihar Kaduna. Masana sun auna jimawar kayayyakin da aka samu, sun kuma yi hasashen dadewar su ta riskar wa shekara ta 1000 kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S. Masani Bernard Fagg shine wanda ya binciko abubuwan yayin da suke aikin hak'o ma'adinai a wurin.
2. An samu burbushin masana'antar sarrafa tama da k'arafa a gefen wani tsauni dake yankin Azbin, jihar Agadez na jamhuriyar Niger. Binciken masana ya nuna cewa wajen masana'antar sarrafa tama ne, wanda ya wanzu kimanin shekaru dubu uku zuwa dubu biyu da dari biyar kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S.
Masani Christopher Ehret ne ya binciko su, an kuma rubuta rahoton binciken a littafin 'The civilizations of Africa', shafi na 136.
3. Haka nan, an samu wasu sassak'en mutum-mutumai da tukwane gami da wata guntuwar wuka da aka kera da k'arfe a wani yanki mai suna 'Taruga' dake kusa da kauyen 'Takushara', kimanin nisan kilomita sittin a kudu maso gabashin birnin tarayya Abuja.
Kayayyakin bincike sun auna cewa abubuwan da aka samu din sun wanzu ne tun a wajajen shekara ta dari biyar kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S, izuwa shekara ta dari biyu miladiyya. Hasashen masanan ya kuma nuna cewar ainihin wurin danshi ne, yana dauke kuma da dogayen bishiyoyi masu nagarta wajen yin katakwaye. Sai ake hasashen wannan abu ne ya janyo mutane suka rayu a wurin, sannan kuma ake hasashen watakila bushewar wurin data auku daga baya, shine sanadin tashin al'ummar wurin izuwa yankin kudu. A yanzu haka, wasu na ganin k'abilun Igala, Nupe, yoruba da Igbo duk tsatso ne daga waccan al'umma.
Idan kuwa har wannan abu gaskiya ne, ana iya cewa wata daula ta wanzu kenan a wurin wadda ta shafe kimanin shekaru dari bakwai tana rayuwa kafin daga bisani ta fashe tare da fantsama izuwa sauran wurare.
Wannan bayani dai yana nan a shafi na 433 na littafin 'The Archeology of Africa: Food, Metals and Towns' na Thurstan Shaw.
4. Akwai maganar Samun wani mutum-mutumin da wasu buraguzai a garin 'katsina Ala' dake jihar Benue ma. Masanin akiyoloji Bernand Fagg Evelyn yayi hasashen mutum-mutumin siffar mutanen da suka gabaci mutanen ne, ko kuma siffar iskokai (aljannu) ake nufi dashi.
Sauran abubuwan kuma, lissafin masana akiyoloji ya sanya su a wuraren shekara ta dubu daya kafin aiko Annabi Isa A.S.
5. An samu wasu alamomin rayuwa a garin Jos wadanda shekarun su ya tasamma dubu daya kafin aiko AnnabivIsa A.S. Masana da yawa sunyi hasashen wadancan mutane da suka zauna a tsohuwar Jos, da kuma wasu shigen su da akaga alamun su akan dutsen Kwatarkwashi dake Yankin Zamfara a yau, shekaru dubu uku da suka gabata, Sune asalin zuriyar da k'abilun Hausa, Birum, kanuri, Nupe da Jukun suka samo tsatso daga garesu.
6. Sannan akwai binciken da farfesa Yusuf Adamu na jami'ar Bayero dake kano ya bamu labarin suna gudanarwa tare da abokan aikin sa a yankin Daura, inda suma suke bin diddigin wasu alamomin rayuwar mutanen-da, wadanda ake hasashen sun rayu a wurin kimanin shekaru dubu hudu da suka gabata daga yanzu.
Baya da haka, akwai labarin baka da mazauna garin Auyo suka bayar na cewa garin ya samu kafuwa tun zamanin Annabi Musa A.S (kimanin shekara ta dubu da dari hudu kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S.).
Duk wadannan misalai ne dake nuna gangarowar bakin mutum shekaru masu yawa da suka gabata.
Tarihin wadancan mutane ya bace ne saboda rashin rubutu. Watakila hakan na nufin mutanen da suka gangaro wadannan yankuna mafarauta ne da sauran masu bukata a yankin wadanda muna iya cewa basu koyi ilimai ba, ko kuma sunyi wofi da iliman da suka koya. Tunda bincike ya nuna cewa akwai ilimi na karatu da rubutu a tsohuwar daular bakar fata.
Watakila dai zuzzurfan bincike akan tarihin kwararowar ilimai da wayewa, sauyawar al'adu, k'wayoyin halitta da sauyawar harasa sune zasu bada damar fahimtar yadda asalin kabilun mu da al'adun mu suke tun da farko.
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