TARIHIN SHAHARAREN MATAFIYIN DUNIYA IMAM MUHAMMAD IBN BATTUTA
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A lokacin zaman Ibn Battuta a birnin Alqahira, labari yazo masa cewa hanyoyin zuwa qasar saudiyya daga Alqahira guda uku ne. Amma biyu ne mafi shahara daga cikinsu. Daya daga ciki itace ake bi ta qasar syria, garuruwan Sinai da Damascus. Hanya ce mafi kyau, amma kuma tana da nisa. Dayar kuwa itace hanya mafi sauri, kuma mafi hadari, itace kuma hanyar da ake tafiya izuwa wani gari mai suna Aydhad, wanda yake gavar teku ne, daga nan sai a hau kan tekun maliya ayi tafiya har sai an riski gavar tekun Jidda dake qasar ta saudiyya.
Ibn Battuta ya zabi bin hanya mafi sauri kuma mafi hadari don qarasa tafiyarsa, shine kuma yayi haramar tafiya shi kadai, domin hanyar mutane da yawa tsoronta sukeyi shiyasa ma suke gudar mata.
Bayan ya shafe wani lokaci yana tafiya ne, yana kusa da isa garin na Aydhad, sai akayi rashin sa'a yaqi ya rinchabe tsakan-kanin wasu garuruwa dake kan hanyar tasa. Wannan ne ya tilasta masa yin kwana, ya koma da baya izuwa Alqahira don canza wata hanyar.
Faruwar wannan abin ne kuma yasanya shi tuno da wani hasashe da wani mutum yayi masa a lokacin zamansa a Alqahira. Mutumin dai ana alaqanta dangantakarsa da Manzon Allah Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w) ne, kuma ance ya shaidawa Ibn Battuta cewar indai har saudiyya yake son ya risqa, dolensa yabi ta qasar syria. Amma ibn Battutan bai gaskata zancen nasa ba, sai yanzu da lamari ya rincabe masa.
Da dawowar sa Alqahira, sai bai jima sosai ba, inda yayi harama ya fara tafiya akan hanya mafi tsaro wadda zata tunkarar dashi garin Damascus na qasar ta syria. Ance akan wannan hanyar, akwai dakarun sarkin syria wadanda ke sintiri wajen yin rakiya ga duk wani mahajjaci, suna binciken izinin shiga ga kowanne mutum tare da amsar haraji, sannan su tabbatar mutum ya wuce lafiya ba tare da wani aibu ya sameshi ba a qasar.
Wannan lamari kuwa ya farantawa Ibn Battuta rai, domin a haka ne ya samu damar karade wasu manyan garuruwa dake kan hanyar Damaskas, tare da masu tarihi a Islama. Kamar misalin garin Hebron, wanda yake anan ne kaburburan Annabi Ibrahim, annabi Ishaqa, annabi yaqub, annabi Ludu da annabi yusuf suke. Sannan kuma ance akwai kabarin wata jikanyar Ma'aikin Allah mai suna Fatima a garin, wanda kuma musulmai kan kaiwa ziyara. Shine ma Ibn battutan ya rubuta a Rihla cewa "daga Garin Gaza, na ziyarci Hebron, naga wani masallaci qasaitacce, gininsa nada ban mamaki, anyi ginin ne da mulmulallun duwarwatsu, ance wai Annabi Sulaiman ne ya umarci Aljannu suka gina masallacin. Acikin masallacin akwai wani kawwamammen kogo, wanda acikin sane kaburburan Annabi Ibrahim(A.S), annabi Ishaqa(A.S) da annabi Yaqub(A.S) suke. Daura dasu kuma akwai wasu kaburburan guda uku wadanda akace kaburburan matayen annabawan ne"
Baya da haka, Ibn Battuta ya ziyarci garin Jerussalam, inda ya zagaya Masallacin qudus, masallacin daya bayyana qasaitacce mai dauke da gini mai qayatarwa. Ibn Battuta yace" Wannan masallaci, yana daya daga cikin gine-gine na mamaki a duniya, anyi masa ado da zinare, abinda ya sanya shi yake kyalkyali a koyaushe, sannan a tsakiyar da'irar masallacin, akwai wani dutse mai albarka, wanda annabi Muhammad (S.a.w) ya hau yayiwa annabawa huduba alokacin dayayi Isra'I..." Daman dai wannan masallaci shine na uku mafi daraja a musulunci, shine kuma masallacin da sallah raka'ah biyu aciki dai-dai yake da yin Salloli dari biyar a masallacin gida.
Daganan dai har ila yau sai Ibn Battuta ya qarasa izuwa wani gari mai suna Bethlem, garin da akace anan ne aka haifi Annabi Isa (A.S).
Gari na gaba da ibn Battuta ya riska shine Damaskas. Birnin da akace ya tava zama babban birnin daular islama a qarqashin daular Sayyidina Mu'awiya (A.s). A wannan lokaci, Ibn Battuta ya riski damaskas a matsayin babbar kasuwar duniya, birnin da ya zamo tsanin kasuwanci tsakanin kasashen egypt da kasashen Parisa kamar su Bagadada, sannan kuma Ibn Battuta ya bayyana garin amatsayin cibiyar koyo da koyarwa. Ibn Battuta ya fada a Rihla cewa "Birnin damaskas shine qayataccen birni, wanda yafi kowanne birni kyau a duniya". Sannan ya bayyana babban masallacin garin mai suna 'Masallacin Umayyad' a matsayin masallaci mafi girma (ko ace mafi fadi) a duniya wanda ya zamo gidan ilimi ga dalibai.
Shine ma yake cewa " a cikin wannan masallaci, akwai dalibai masu yawa wadanda sam-sam basa fita ko nan dacan a cikinsa, aikin su kurum shine neman ilimi. Daga cikin gari ake kawo musu abinci da suttura, duk da kasancewar daliban basa yin barar wani abin buqata a wajen mutane"
Ibn Battuta ya zauna a wannan masallaci tsawon wani lokaci qanqane yana daukar ilimi, kuma har ya fahimci yadda tsarin koyarwar tasu take, shine ma yake cewa dalibai na zagaye shehin malami ne guda daya a tsakiya, suna koyon al'qur'ani da sauran iliman addini, daga nan bayan daliban sun sauke, sai a basu shaidar sun koyi ilimi, daga nan suma sai su zamo malamai masu koyar da wasu.
Kari akan shahararrun wurare da ibn battuta ya ziyarta shine kogon Jini. Wani wuri da akace anan ne dan Annabi Adamu Cain ya halaka dan uwansa Abel, daya rasa yanda zaiyi da gawar sai yaja ta izuwa kogon dutsen, shine kuma Allah ya sanya sawun jinin ya wanzu har izuwa wannan lokaci.
Ance Ibn Battuta ya shafe kwanaki ashirin da hudu na watan ramadana a Damaskus, aikinsa kurum shine neman ilimi a wurin masana, manyan malamai da alqalai har ma da farfesoshi, kuma yace ya taba kamuwa da zazzabi matsananci a garin, inda wani farfesa ya hada shi da wani likita, wanda yayi masa magani har ya warke. Ya kuma ce a wannan garin ya samu takardar shaidar koyon karatu wadda yayi amfani da ita wajen neman aiki a lokacin daya isa qasar Indiya.
Sannan kuma a wannan garin na damaskus yayi aure, auren da akace bai dade ba amma kuma Allah ya albarkace shi da yaro, duk da cewa. Yaron ya rasu yana da shekaru goma ba tare da Ibn Battuta ya samu damar sanya shi a idon saba, sai dai aiken kudi daya rinqa yi masa.
Bayan an kammala azumi ne ibn Batuta ya hadu da tawagar wasu mahajjata wadanda zasu warasa kasar saudiyya, ya shiga cikin su suka dunguma izuwa garin madina ba tare da sun fuskanci wata matsala ba. A garin na madina ne sukayi kwanaki hudu, sannan suka qarasa makkah don qarasa sauran rukunai na aikin hajji..
Fitowa ta Biyu
Tare da SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO
08060869978
A lokacin zaman Ibn Battuta a birnin Alqahira, labari yazo masa cewa hanyoyin zuwa qasar saudiyya daga Alqahira guda uku ne. Amma biyu ne mafi shahara daga cikinsu. Daya daga ciki itace ake bi ta qasar syria, garuruwan Sinai da Damascus. Hanya ce mafi kyau, amma kuma tana da nisa. Dayar kuwa itace hanya mafi sauri, kuma mafi hadari, itace kuma hanyar da ake tafiya izuwa wani gari mai suna Aydhad, wanda yake gavar teku ne, daga nan sai a hau kan tekun maliya ayi tafiya har sai an riski gavar tekun Jidda dake qasar ta saudiyya.
Ibn Battuta ya zabi bin hanya mafi sauri kuma mafi hadari don qarasa tafiyarsa, shine kuma yayi haramar tafiya shi kadai, domin hanyar mutane da yawa tsoronta sukeyi shiyasa ma suke gudar mata.
Bayan ya shafe wani lokaci yana tafiya ne, yana kusa da isa garin na Aydhad, sai akayi rashin sa'a yaqi ya rinchabe tsakan-kanin wasu garuruwa dake kan hanyar tasa. Wannan ne ya tilasta masa yin kwana, ya koma da baya izuwa Alqahira don canza wata hanyar.
Faruwar wannan abin ne kuma yasanya shi tuno da wani hasashe da wani mutum yayi masa a lokacin zamansa a Alqahira. Mutumin dai ana alaqanta dangantakarsa da Manzon Allah Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w) ne, kuma ance ya shaidawa Ibn Battuta cewar indai har saudiyya yake son ya risqa, dolensa yabi ta qasar syria. Amma ibn Battutan bai gaskata zancen nasa ba, sai yanzu da lamari ya rincabe masa.
Da dawowar sa Alqahira, sai bai jima sosai ba, inda yayi harama ya fara tafiya akan hanya mafi tsaro wadda zata tunkarar dashi garin Damascus na qasar ta syria. Ance akan wannan hanyar, akwai dakarun sarkin syria wadanda ke sintiri wajen yin rakiya ga duk wani mahajjaci, suna binciken izinin shiga ga kowanne mutum tare da amsar haraji, sannan su tabbatar mutum ya wuce lafiya ba tare da wani aibu ya sameshi ba a qasar.
Wannan lamari kuwa ya farantawa Ibn Battuta rai, domin a haka ne ya samu damar karade wasu manyan garuruwa dake kan hanyar Damaskas, tare da masu tarihi a Islama. Kamar misalin garin Hebron, wanda yake anan ne kaburburan Annabi Ibrahim, annabi Ishaqa, annabi yaqub, annabi Ludu da annabi yusuf suke. Sannan kuma ance akwai kabarin wata jikanyar Ma'aikin Allah mai suna Fatima a garin, wanda kuma musulmai kan kaiwa ziyara. Shine ma Ibn battutan ya rubuta a Rihla cewa "daga Garin Gaza, na ziyarci Hebron, naga wani masallaci qasaitacce, gininsa nada ban mamaki, anyi ginin ne da mulmulallun duwarwatsu, ance wai Annabi Sulaiman ne ya umarci Aljannu suka gina masallacin. Acikin masallacin akwai wani kawwamammen kogo, wanda acikin sane kaburburan Annabi Ibrahim(A.S), annabi Ishaqa(A.S) da annabi Yaqub(A.S) suke. Daura dasu kuma akwai wasu kaburburan guda uku wadanda akace kaburburan matayen annabawan ne"
Baya da haka, Ibn Battuta ya ziyarci garin Jerussalam, inda ya zagaya Masallacin qudus, masallacin daya bayyana qasaitacce mai dauke da gini mai qayatarwa. Ibn Battuta yace" Wannan masallaci, yana daya daga cikin gine-gine na mamaki a duniya, anyi masa ado da zinare, abinda ya sanya shi yake kyalkyali a koyaushe, sannan a tsakiyar da'irar masallacin, akwai wani dutse mai albarka, wanda annabi Muhammad (S.a.w) ya hau yayiwa annabawa huduba alokacin dayayi Isra'I..." Daman dai wannan masallaci shine na uku mafi daraja a musulunci, shine kuma masallacin da sallah raka'ah biyu aciki dai-dai yake da yin Salloli dari biyar a masallacin gida.
Daganan dai har ila yau sai Ibn Battuta ya qarasa izuwa wani gari mai suna Bethlem, garin da akace anan ne aka haifi Annabi Isa (A.S).
Gari na gaba da ibn Battuta ya riska shine Damaskas. Birnin da akace ya tava zama babban birnin daular islama a qarqashin daular Sayyidina Mu'awiya (A.s). A wannan lokaci, Ibn Battuta ya riski damaskas a matsayin babbar kasuwar duniya, birnin da ya zamo tsanin kasuwanci tsakanin kasashen egypt da kasashen Parisa kamar su Bagadada, sannan kuma Ibn Battuta ya bayyana garin amatsayin cibiyar koyo da koyarwa. Ibn Battuta ya fada a Rihla cewa "Birnin damaskas shine qayataccen birni, wanda yafi kowanne birni kyau a duniya". Sannan ya bayyana babban masallacin garin mai suna 'Masallacin Umayyad' a matsayin masallaci mafi girma (ko ace mafi fadi) a duniya wanda ya zamo gidan ilimi ga dalibai.
Shine ma yake cewa " a cikin wannan masallaci, akwai dalibai masu yawa wadanda sam-sam basa fita ko nan dacan a cikinsa, aikin su kurum shine neman ilimi. Daga cikin gari ake kawo musu abinci da suttura, duk da kasancewar daliban basa yin barar wani abin buqata a wajen mutane"
Ibn Battuta ya zauna a wannan masallaci tsawon wani lokaci qanqane yana daukar ilimi, kuma har ya fahimci yadda tsarin koyarwar tasu take, shine ma yake cewa dalibai na zagaye shehin malami ne guda daya a tsakiya, suna koyon al'qur'ani da sauran iliman addini, daga nan bayan daliban sun sauke, sai a basu shaidar sun koyi ilimi, daga nan suma sai su zamo malamai masu koyar da wasu.
Kari akan shahararrun wurare da ibn battuta ya ziyarta shine kogon Jini. Wani wuri da akace anan ne dan Annabi Adamu Cain ya halaka dan uwansa Abel, daya rasa yanda zaiyi da gawar sai yaja ta izuwa kogon dutsen, shine kuma Allah ya sanya sawun jinin ya wanzu har izuwa wannan lokaci.
Ance Ibn Battuta ya shafe kwanaki ashirin da hudu na watan ramadana a Damaskus, aikinsa kurum shine neman ilimi a wurin masana, manyan malamai da alqalai har ma da farfesoshi, kuma yace ya taba kamuwa da zazzabi matsananci a garin, inda wani farfesa ya hada shi da wani likita, wanda yayi masa magani har ya warke. Ya kuma ce a wannan garin ya samu takardar shaidar koyon karatu wadda yayi amfani da ita wajen neman aiki a lokacin daya isa qasar Indiya.
Sannan kuma a wannan garin na damaskus yayi aure, auren da akace bai dade ba amma kuma Allah ya albarkace shi da yaro, duk da cewa. Yaron ya rasu yana da shekaru goma ba tare da Ibn Battuta ya samu damar sanya shi a idon saba, sai dai aiken kudi daya rinqa yi masa.
Bayan an kammala azumi ne ibn Batuta ya hadu da tawagar wasu mahajjata wadanda zasu warasa kasar saudiyya, ya shiga cikin su suka dunguma izuwa garin madina ba tare da sun fuskanci wata matsala ba. A garin na madina ne sukayi kwanaki hudu, sannan suka qarasa makkah don qarasa sauran rukunai na aikin hajji..
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