TARIHI: YADDA JIHADIN FULANI YA KASANCE A KANO (1803-4)
Kashi na huɗu.
DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
08060869978
MALLAM BAKATSINE DA JIHADI A GABASHIN KANO.
Mallam Bakatsine na ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran malaman da suka jagoranci jihadin shehu Usmanu mujaddi ɗan fodio (Allah ya rahamshehi amin) a kano.
Shi mutumin garin Utai ne na gundumar wudil, sunan mahaifinsa Ummaru, kabilarsa kuwa itace fulani joɓawa.
Ana hasashen haihuwarsa a wajajen shekarar 1770. Ance ya taso a wurin mahaifinsa ne a matsayin makiyayi mai kiwon dabbobi a dazukan wudil da Gaya da Takai da Garko, a fanni ɗaya kuma mahaifin nasa na karantar dashi ilimin muhammadiyya bisa sunnar Imamuna Maliku ɗan Anas (R.A).
A wancan zamanin, ance birkicewar addini yayi yawa a wannan yanki. Misali, garin wudil na cike da maguzawa ne da kuma musulmai masu ikirarin musulunci a baka, amma a aikace suna hidima ga Aljana Uwar wudil da ake cewa tana cikin wannan tekun na wudil domin samun biyan bukatun rayuwarsu.
A garin Gaya kuwa, can gabas da masallacin jumma'a, an samu akwai wata unguwa mai suna Unguwar Mahaukata, wadda mutane ke taruwa cincirindo suna saran kawunansu da jikkunansu da takubba har sai jini ya rinka kwaranyuwa a fuska da sassan jiki, kuma duk da sunan addini.
Sai kuma garin Takai, wanda daman tun kafin wannan lokaci, akwai fadar sarkin Kano da Sarkin Kano Babba Zaki ɗan yaji ɗan Tsamiya (1768-1776) ya gina wanda ake yiwa kirari da 'Jan Rano mai tsorar da giwaye' saboda wata bajintar yaki dayayi yayin da yaje yaki garin Burum-burum, har ma kuma akace yaso ya komar da fadar masarautar kano kachokan izuwa can, amma da bai samu damar haka ba, sai fadar ta zamo wurin da sarakunan kano kanje domin yada zango suna mulkindu yadda sukeso.
Don haka, waɗannan abubuwan suna cikin abubuwan da Mallam Bakatsine yake cike dasu tun bayan dayayi zurfi a ilimin addini.
Ance ya samu lakabin Mallam Bakatsine ne saboda jimawar dayayi yana ɗaukar darasu a birnin katsina tare dasu Mallam Abdullahi Madobi da wasunsu.
Haka kuma, ance ta hanyar malaminsa Mallam Jibrila na Agadez ya samu damar soma ɗalibta a wurin shehu Usmanu ɗan fodio, har kuma sukan tattauna mas'aloli da bidi'o'in da suka dabaibaye kasar hausa a wancan lokaci.
Mallam Bakatsine shine ya zamo wakilin Shehu Usmanu mujaddadi a gabashin kano lokacin jihadi.
Littafin Raudatul Janna na Marigayi waziri Giɗaɗo (1851) ya bayyana shi a matsayi masani, kuma jajirtacce.
Sai dai akwai saɓani akan inda Mallam Bakatsine ya kasance a zamanin da aka soma jihadi.
Masani Paul Levejay ya bayyana cewa "Muhammadu Bakatsine yayi karatu a karkashin Shehu Usmanu, kuma dashi akayi hijira daga Degel zuwa Gudu, sannan dashi aka buga yakin tabkin kwatto, da yakin kwace Alkalawa.. Yana kuma ɗaya daga mutane bakwai da shehu ya dankawa tuta a hannunsu".
Wani zancen kuma ya tafi akan cewa Mallam Bakatsine yana cikin fadawan Sarkin Kano Alwali, kuma yana da alaka da shehu Usmanu har izuwa lokacin hijira. Amma da almajiran shehu Usmanu sukayi hijira izuwa kwazazzabon 'yarkwando, sai shi bai bisu ba inda yayi tashi hijirar izuwa garin wudil, inda kuma ya tattara runduna ta mayaka a cikin watanni bakwai ko tara, sannan ya soma jagorantar jihadin karɓe iko da garuruwa.
Sai dai masana sun kalli cewar anyi yakin tafkin kwatto ne a shekara ta 1804, yakin kama Alkalawa kuma a shekarar 1808, don haka zaiyi wuya ace Mallam ƁBakatsine na sakkwato a wannan lokaci ba kano ba. Don haka magana ta biyu akansa ita tafi inganci, musamman ma yadda yazo a littafin 'Tayqidil Akbar' na Qadi Muhammadu zangi cewar sa'ar da Sarki Alwali ke shiga kano bayan ya baro garin Takai, yaci karo da mallam Bakatsine yana fitowa daga Kano ɗin.
Dangane da dalilin daya hana Mallam Bakatsine bin sauran mutane suyi hijira izuwa kwazazzabon 'yarkwando kuwa, mutane sun ta kawo tasu fuskantar, amma dai anfi ganin cewa yaki tafiya can ne duba da halin matsin dayake ciki a lokacin, kasancewar Sarki Alwali yana Takai, iyalan Mallam Bakatsine kuma na utai, don haka takansa Sarki Alwali zai soma hucewa matsawar yaji yana daga cikin masu hijira a lokacin. Don haka sai yayi hikimar nesanta kansa dasu da fari inda ya tafi wudil tare da haɗa runduna tasa.
Ance bayan Mallam Bakatsine ya kammala shiri, sai ya kwashi rundunarsa izuwa Gaya, inda aka gwabza yaki tun daga wajen gari har sai da aka shiga cikin birni ana fafatawa, sannan ya samu galabar kwace garin baki ɗaya tare da yada zango a cikinsa.
Bayan ya kara karfi, sai ya nufi arewa maso gabas, izuwa wani gari Aujara, nan ma ya gwabza yaki dasu tare da samun nasara. Daga nan ya tunkari garin Taura, amma bai samu nasara sosai ba, sai dashi da jama'arsa suka koma kudu maso gabas, wata masarauta mai suna Dutse Gadawur.
Malam Abdullahi Mahadi ya ruwaito cewar 'garuruwa da yawa sun sallama kawunansu ba tare da sun buga yaki da Mallam Bakatsine ba, amma inda yafi shan bugu shine ga sarkin Dutse Gadawur mai da Gojabu'.
Ance kafin yaci dutse, sai da yayi dabarar cinye garuruwan dake zagaye da ita, misalin Kiyawa, Katanga, da Wamdai saboda karfin masarautar, sannan suka faɗa mata da yaki, amma dai daga bisani cikin ikon Allah sun samu nasara.
An jiyo daga wani Dattijo mazaunin Dutse Gadawur, wanda aka gwabza wannan yaki akan idonsa a lokacin yana cewa "asalin garin dutse, haɓe ne suka kafa ta, amma sai wani bafullatani mai suna Salu daga borno tare sadaukai bisa dawakai kimanin dubu biyu ya kwace garin da karfi, ya kuma kwace ga sauran garuruwa masu makwabtaka, don hak sa'ar da masu jihadi suka iso, da ɓurɓushin zuriyarsa suka gwabza yaki, kuma shiyasa yakin yayi tsawo.
Kashi na huɗu.
DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
08060869978
MALLAM BAKATSINE DA JIHADI A GABASHIN KANO.
Mallam Bakatsine na ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran malaman da suka jagoranci jihadin shehu Usmanu mujaddi ɗan fodio (Allah ya rahamshehi amin) a kano.
Shi mutumin garin Utai ne na gundumar wudil, sunan mahaifinsa Ummaru, kabilarsa kuwa itace fulani joɓawa.
Ana hasashen haihuwarsa a wajajen shekarar 1770. Ance ya taso a wurin mahaifinsa ne a matsayin makiyayi mai kiwon dabbobi a dazukan wudil da Gaya da Takai da Garko, a fanni ɗaya kuma mahaifin nasa na karantar dashi ilimin muhammadiyya bisa sunnar Imamuna Maliku ɗan Anas (R.A).
A wancan zamanin, ance birkicewar addini yayi yawa a wannan yanki. Misali, garin wudil na cike da maguzawa ne da kuma musulmai masu ikirarin musulunci a baka, amma a aikace suna hidima ga Aljana Uwar wudil da ake cewa tana cikin wannan tekun na wudil domin samun biyan bukatun rayuwarsu.
A garin Gaya kuwa, can gabas da masallacin jumma'a, an samu akwai wata unguwa mai suna Unguwar Mahaukata, wadda mutane ke taruwa cincirindo suna saran kawunansu da jikkunansu da takubba har sai jini ya rinka kwaranyuwa a fuska da sassan jiki, kuma duk da sunan addini.
Sai kuma garin Takai, wanda daman tun kafin wannan lokaci, akwai fadar sarkin Kano da Sarkin Kano Babba Zaki ɗan yaji ɗan Tsamiya (1768-1776) ya gina wanda ake yiwa kirari da 'Jan Rano mai tsorar da giwaye' saboda wata bajintar yaki dayayi yayin da yaje yaki garin Burum-burum, har ma kuma akace yaso ya komar da fadar masarautar kano kachokan izuwa can, amma da bai samu damar haka ba, sai fadar ta zamo wurin da sarakunan kano kanje domin yada zango suna mulkindu yadda sukeso.
Don haka, waɗannan abubuwan suna cikin abubuwan da Mallam Bakatsine yake cike dasu tun bayan dayayi zurfi a ilimin addini.
Ance ya samu lakabin Mallam Bakatsine ne saboda jimawar dayayi yana ɗaukar darasu a birnin katsina tare dasu Mallam Abdullahi Madobi da wasunsu.
Haka kuma, ance ta hanyar malaminsa Mallam Jibrila na Agadez ya samu damar soma ɗalibta a wurin shehu Usmanu ɗan fodio, har kuma sukan tattauna mas'aloli da bidi'o'in da suka dabaibaye kasar hausa a wancan lokaci.
Mallam Bakatsine shine ya zamo wakilin Shehu Usmanu mujaddadi a gabashin kano lokacin jihadi.
Littafin Raudatul Janna na Marigayi waziri Giɗaɗo (1851) ya bayyana shi a matsayi masani, kuma jajirtacce.
Sai dai akwai saɓani akan inda Mallam Bakatsine ya kasance a zamanin da aka soma jihadi.
Masani Paul Levejay ya bayyana cewa "Muhammadu Bakatsine yayi karatu a karkashin Shehu Usmanu, kuma dashi akayi hijira daga Degel zuwa Gudu, sannan dashi aka buga yakin tabkin kwatto, da yakin kwace Alkalawa.. Yana kuma ɗaya daga mutane bakwai da shehu ya dankawa tuta a hannunsu".
Wani zancen kuma ya tafi akan cewa Mallam Bakatsine yana cikin fadawan Sarkin Kano Alwali, kuma yana da alaka da shehu Usmanu har izuwa lokacin hijira. Amma da almajiran shehu Usmanu sukayi hijira izuwa kwazazzabon 'yarkwando, sai shi bai bisu ba inda yayi tashi hijirar izuwa garin wudil, inda kuma ya tattara runduna ta mayaka a cikin watanni bakwai ko tara, sannan ya soma jagorantar jihadin karɓe iko da garuruwa.
Sai dai masana sun kalli cewar anyi yakin tafkin kwatto ne a shekara ta 1804, yakin kama Alkalawa kuma a shekarar 1808, don haka zaiyi wuya ace Mallam ƁBakatsine na sakkwato a wannan lokaci ba kano ba. Don haka magana ta biyu akansa ita tafi inganci, musamman ma yadda yazo a littafin 'Tayqidil Akbar' na Qadi Muhammadu zangi cewar sa'ar da Sarki Alwali ke shiga kano bayan ya baro garin Takai, yaci karo da mallam Bakatsine yana fitowa daga Kano ɗin.
Dangane da dalilin daya hana Mallam Bakatsine bin sauran mutane suyi hijira izuwa kwazazzabon 'yarkwando kuwa, mutane sun ta kawo tasu fuskantar, amma dai anfi ganin cewa yaki tafiya can ne duba da halin matsin dayake ciki a lokacin, kasancewar Sarki Alwali yana Takai, iyalan Mallam Bakatsine kuma na utai, don haka takansa Sarki Alwali zai soma hucewa matsawar yaji yana daga cikin masu hijira a lokacin. Don haka sai yayi hikimar nesanta kansa dasu da fari inda ya tafi wudil tare da haɗa runduna tasa.
Ance bayan Mallam Bakatsine ya kammala shiri, sai ya kwashi rundunarsa izuwa Gaya, inda aka gwabza yaki tun daga wajen gari har sai da aka shiga cikin birni ana fafatawa, sannan ya samu galabar kwace garin baki ɗaya tare da yada zango a cikinsa.
Bayan ya kara karfi, sai ya nufi arewa maso gabas, izuwa wani gari Aujara, nan ma ya gwabza yaki dasu tare da samun nasara. Daga nan ya tunkari garin Taura, amma bai samu nasara sosai ba, sai dashi da jama'arsa suka koma kudu maso gabas, wata masarauta mai suna Dutse Gadawur.
Malam Abdullahi Mahadi ya ruwaito cewar 'garuruwa da yawa sun sallama kawunansu ba tare da sun buga yaki da Mallam Bakatsine ba, amma inda yafi shan bugu shine ga sarkin Dutse Gadawur mai da Gojabu'.
Ance kafin yaci dutse, sai da yayi dabarar cinye garuruwan dake zagaye da ita, misalin Kiyawa, Katanga, da Wamdai saboda karfin masarautar, sannan suka faɗa mata da yaki, amma dai daga bisani cikin ikon Allah sun samu nasara.
An jiyo daga wani Dattijo mazaunin Dutse Gadawur, wanda aka gwabza wannan yaki akan idonsa a lokacin yana cewa "asalin garin dutse, haɓe ne suka kafa ta, amma sai wani bafullatani mai suna Salu daga borno tare sadaukai bisa dawakai kimanin dubu biyu ya kwace garin da karfi, ya kuma kwace ga sauran garuruwa masu makwabtaka, don hak sa'ar da masu jihadi suka iso, da ɓurɓushin zuriyarsa suka gwabza yaki, kuma shiyasa yakin yayi tsawo.
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