TARIHIN JIHADIN SHEHU USMANU MUJADDADI, DAN FODIO.
SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
08060869978
Kashi na ɗaya
Gabatarwa
Limamin yakin Jaddada addinin musulunci da kore bidi'a gami da hana sarakuna aikata ayyukan masha'a da zalunci a kasar Hausa dama makwabta shine Shehu Usmanu Bn Fodio.
Hakika, tarihin wannan yaki ba zai taɓa cika ba har sai an haɗa da wani yanki na rayuwar shehu Usmanu ɗan fodio.
Shi Bafillatani ne, jinsin toronkawa. Cikakken sunansa shine Usmanu, ɗan Fodio ɗan Usmanu ɗan Salihu ɗan Haruna ɗan Muhammadu Gurɗo, ɗan Jabbo ɗan Abubakar ɗan Musa Jakollo wanda akace ya auri 'yar Imamu Demba, kamar yadda Marigayi wazirin sokoto ya ruwaito a littafinsa Mai suna 'Tarihin Fulani'.
An haifi shehu Usmanu a ranar wata lahadi ta karshen watan safar, shekarar 1168 hijiriyya (wajajen 1759 miladiyya).
Yayi karatun Alkurani a gaban mahaifinsa, ya koyi ilimin fikihu bisa mazhabar Imamuna Maliku ɗan Anas a gaban Mallam Abdurrahman ɗan Hamadi, ya koyi karatun littafin ishiriniya da wasu littattafan addini a gaban malamin sa Usmanu Bakabe.
Haka kuma ya koyi karatun littafin Muhtassar daga kawunsa mallam Bibnoduwa, wanda yake gwani ne a fagen tsoron Allah da ilimi, gami da umarni da kyawawan ayyuka da kuma hani ga aikata mumunana.
Hakika, ance ta hanyar zama dashi shehu Usmanu ya koyi halayen kirki da gudun duniya masu yawa.
Baya da haka, shehu Usmanu ya zauna shekara ɗaya a hannun Sanannen Malami Mal Jibrila (wanda ta hanyarsa alaka ta samu tsakanin shehu Usmanu da Mallam Bakatsine) yana ɗaukar karatu. Tare dashi ma sukaje Agadez, sannan malamin ya mika shehu Usmanu ga mahaifinsa yayin da shikuma ya wuce aikin Hajji, domin a lokacin shehu usmanu bai karɓi izinin tafiya Hajji daga mahaifin saba.
Sannan dai, shehu Usmanu ya zauna da kawunsa Mallam Ahmadu ɗan Muhammadu yana koyon karatu, har ma a wajensa ya koyi tafsirin Alkur'ani maigirma. Daga nan kuma sai ya sake zuwa gaban Mallam Hashimu Bazamfare, inda ya zauna daram yana sauraren tafsirin Alkurani maitsarki tun daga farko har karshe.
Wannan shine kaɗan daga tarihin karatun shehu usmanu.
Don haka kamar yadda yake a ɗabia ta ilimi, kafin wani lokaci sai Allah ya cika zuciyar shehu usmanu da ilimi, saboda haka sai shima ya soma bayarwa ga mabukata, a haka har ya zama cikakken malami.
KIRA ZUWA GA TURBAR MUSULUNCI TA GASKIYA DA BARIN BIDI'O'I
Ance shehu Usmanu ya fara wa'azi ne da kiran mutane a mazauninsa dake Degel.
A lokacin, yakan tara mutane yayi musu nasiha da faɗakarwa, sannan kuma yana rubuta musu wakoki da Ajami.
A wancan zamanin, shehu ya tarar da cewa Mafi yawan sarakuna kafirai ne, Shugabannin su kuma ko dai kafirai ko kuma fasikai. Sannan bidi'o'i sun yawaita a gari, har ma an jirkita addini daga yadda yake.
Sannu a hankali mutane suka soma karɓar kiran shehu Usmanu, har ya zamo wasu na binsa gari-gari don yin wa'azi, amma ko kaɗan baya zuwa ga sarakuna don neman wata bukata.
Sa'ar da Shehu Usmanu ya soma zuwa ga wani sarki shine lokacin daya lura mutane sunyi yawa gareshi, kuma ya samu shahara, don haka yaje ga sarkin Gobir Bawa Jan Gwarzo a fadarsa dake Alkalawa yayi masa wa'azi, ya kirashi izuwa addinin musulunci na hakika tare da tsayar da adalci a mulkinsa, sannan ya koma masaukinsa.
Haka kuma ance a wannan ritsin ne Shehu Usmanu ya tafi zamfara yana wa'azi, har sai daya shafe shekaru biyar acan wajen faɗakarwa. Kuma ance yasha wahala sosai a lokacin, saboda zamfarawa sunyi nisa wurin jahilci da bidi'a.
Da shaharar shehu Usmanu ta fara yin tsamari, sai sarakunan Hausa suka soma kishi gami da damuwa da lamarinsa.
Ana haka sai sarkin Gobir Bawa Jan Gwarzo rannan ya aika masa yazo, nufinsa idan yazo ya halaka shi. Sannan kuma ya aikewa malumman yankinsa duka suzo domin su shaida kisan shehu Usmanu da Jama'arsa.
Sai dai, lokacin da Shehu Usmanu ya riski fadar Sarki Bawa, sai ya tarar ya tafi Sallar Idi, don haka shima sai yaja zugar mutanensa suka tafi.
Wani abun mamaki daya faru a zamanin shine, Sarki Bawa da jama'arsa suna masallaci don sallar idi sai ga zugar shehu Usmanu tana tahowa, aikuwa nan take mutanen Sarki Bawa suka tashi fuuu izuwa gaban shehu, ance Bawa kaɗai aka bari a wurin. Kuma tun daga nan ya tsorata da lamarin shehu Usmanu.
Da aka kare sallar Idi, sarki Bawa ya zauna cikin barorinsa da Bayinsa cikin damuwa, yayinda shehu Usmanu ke tare da zugar Malumma sama da dubu suna ta caffa tsakaninsu. Shine har akace da wani abokin sarki Bawa ya lura da da halin dayake ciki, sai yace masa "Ya sarki, kayi sani cewar mutum ɗaya ba zai iya aikata abinda kayi nufi ba a zuciyarka, sai dai Allah".
Sai Bawa ya kira shehu Usmanu gareshi, ya umarci a bashi awo na zinariya guda ɗari. Amma sai shehu yace masa " Kayi sani ya wannan sarki, dani da jama'ata bama bukatar dukiyarka, sai dai ga bukatu na a gareka
Na ɗaya, kabar ni inyi kira zuwa ga addinin Allah a garinka.
Na biyu kada a hana kowa dake son karɓar addini.
Na uku ka sanya Alfarma ga dukkan masu hula da rawani.
Na huɗu ka saki dukkan waɗanda ke ɗaure a kurkukun ka.
Sannan na biyar a daina amsar haraji mai tsauwalawa daga talakawa."
Abinda akayi kenan, sarkin Gobir yace " Na baka dukkan abinda ka nema, na kuma sahale maka yin duk abinda kake son yi acikin garin mu"
Daga cikin fursunonin da aka saki a lokacin, har da Sarkin Zamfara Abarshi.
Shi kuwa Bawa Jan Gwarzo, sai nemi da shehu Yayi masa addu'a yaci garin Maraɗi da yaki. Saboda an samu a lokacin, adawa tayi tsanani tsakanin masarautar Gobir data maraɗi, har kuma cinye Maraɗin ya gagari sarki Bawa
Nan take Shehu Usmanu yayi masa addua, yace masa " Na baka maraɗi, zaka kuwa cinyeta da zarar ka sauka gareta, amma kada ka wuce ta"
Daga nan Bawa da Shehu usmanu sukayi sallama, shehu ya juya da jama'arsa ya nufi Degel, shikuwa Bawa ya tsaya jim yana kallon Shehu yana tunani gami da mamaki. Sannan yakira sunan mutanensa har sau uku yana mai cewa "Jama'ar Gobir!, jamaar Gobir!!, Jamaar Gobir!!!, kunga wancan Bafillatanin? Ina baku labari cewa babu sauran Sarki a bayana, sai dai Uban Unguwa"
Sai kuma ya shiga tara dakaru da kayan faɗa, domin zuwa murkushe garin Maraɗi da yaki.
Ace ya tara gagarumar runduna wadda rakuma arbain ne ke ɗaukar mata goran ruwansha, da kayan faɗa masu yawa, sannan suka nufi maraɗi.
Haka Kuma kamar yadda shehu Usmanu yayi masa albishir, Bawa yaci Maraɗi da yaki cikin kankanin lokaci.
To amma da yaga wannan nasarar ta samu, sai yace "Munga adduar shehu, yanzu kuma zamuga aikin Masun mu"
Kurum sai yaja tawagarsa suka shige maraɗi izuwa wani gari mai suna 'Dan Kace'.
Ai kuwa da saukarsa a garin, mutanen garin suka ce dawa Allah ya haɗamu ba dakai ba, sai suka rufar masa da yaki, suka kuma samu gagarumar galaba akansa, har takai sun kashe ɗansa da yake matukar so.
Haka Sarki Bawa Jan Gwarzo ya taho da sauran dakarun da suka rage masa cikin kunchi da ɓacin zuciya, kafin ya iso Birninsa Alkalawa, ajali ya riskeshi a wani gari mai suna Naya...
SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
08060869978
Kashi na ɗaya
Gabatarwa
Limamin yakin Jaddada addinin musulunci da kore bidi'a gami da hana sarakuna aikata ayyukan masha'a da zalunci a kasar Hausa dama makwabta shine Shehu Usmanu Bn Fodio.
Hakika, tarihin wannan yaki ba zai taɓa cika ba har sai an haɗa da wani yanki na rayuwar shehu Usmanu ɗan fodio.
Shi Bafillatani ne, jinsin toronkawa. Cikakken sunansa shine Usmanu, ɗan Fodio ɗan Usmanu ɗan Salihu ɗan Haruna ɗan Muhammadu Gurɗo, ɗan Jabbo ɗan Abubakar ɗan Musa Jakollo wanda akace ya auri 'yar Imamu Demba, kamar yadda Marigayi wazirin sokoto ya ruwaito a littafinsa Mai suna 'Tarihin Fulani'.
An haifi shehu Usmanu a ranar wata lahadi ta karshen watan safar, shekarar 1168 hijiriyya (wajajen 1759 miladiyya).
Yayi karatun Alkurani a gaban mahaifinsa, ya koyi ilimin fikihu bisa mazhabar Imamuna Maliku ɗan Anas a gaban Mallam Abdurrahman ɗan Hamadi, ya koyi karatun littafin ishiriniya da wasu littattafan addini a gaban malamin sa Usmanu Bakabe.
Haka kuma ya koyi karatun littafin Muhtassar daga kawunsa mallam Bibnoduwa, wanda yake gwani ne a fagen tsoron Allah da ilimi, gami da umarni da kyawawan ayyuka da kuma hani ga aikata mumunana.
Hakika, ance ta hanyar zama dashi shehu Usmanu ya koyi halayen kirki da gudun duniya masu yawa.
Baya da haka, shehu Usmanu ya zauna shekara ɗaya a hannun Sanannen Malami Mal Jibrila (wanda ta hanyarsa alaka ta samu tsakanin shehu Usmanu da Mallam Bakatsine) yana ɗaukar karatu. Tare dashi ma sukaje Agadez, sannan malamin ya mika shehu Usmanu ga mahaifinsa yayin da shikuma ya wuce aikin Hajji, domin a lokacin shehu usmanu bai karɓi izinin tafiya Hajji daga mahaifin saba.
Sannan dai, shehu Usmanu ya zauna da kawunsa Mallam Ahmadu ɗan Muhammadu yana koyon karatu, har ma a wajensa ya koyi tafsirin Alkur'ani maigirma. Daga nan kuma sai ya sake zuwa gaban Mallam Hashimu Bazamfare, inda ya zauna daram yana sauraren tafsirin Alkurani maitsarki tun daga farko har karshe.
Wannan shine kaɗan daga tarihin karatun shehu usmanu.
Don haka kamar yadda yake a ɗabia ta ilimi, kafin wani lokaci sai Allah ya cika zuciyar shehu usmanu da ilimi, saboda haka sai shima ya soma bayarwa ga mabukata, a haka har ya zama cikakken malami.
KIRA ZUWA GA TURBAR MUSULUNCI TA GASKIYA DA BARIN BIDI'O'I
Ance shehu Usmanu ya fara wa'azi ne da kiran mutane a mazauninsa dake Degel.
A lokacin, yakan tara mutane yayi musu nasiha da faɗakarwa, sannan kuma yana rubuta musu wakoki da Ajami.
A wancan zamanin, shehu ya tarar da cewa Mafi yawan sarakuna kafirai ne, Shugabannin su kuma ko dai kafirai ko kuma fasikai. Sannan bidi'o'i sun yawaita a gari, har ma an jirkita addini daga yadda yake.
Sannu a hankali mutane suka soma karɓar kiran shehu Usmanu, har ya zamo wasu na binsa gari-gari don yin wa'azi, amma ko kaɗan baya zuwa ga sarakuna don neman wata bukata.
Sa'ar da Shehu Usmanu ya soma zuwa ga wani sarki shine lokacin daya lura mutane sunyi yawa gareshi, kuma ya samu shahara, don haka yaje ga sarkin Gobir Bawa Jan Gwarzo a fadarsa dake Alkalawa yayi masa wa'azi, ya kirashi izuwa addinin musulunci na hakika tare da tsayar da adalci a mulkinsa, sannan ya koma masaukinsa.
Haka kuma ance a wannan ritsin ne Shehu Usmanu ya tafi zamfara yana wa'azi, har sai daya shafe shekaru biyar acan wajen faɗakarwa. Kuma ance yasha wahala sosai a lokacin, saboda zamfarawa sunyi nisa wurin jahilci da bidi'a.
Da shaharar shehu Usmanu ta fara yin tsamari, sai sarakunan Hausa suka soma kishi gami da damuwa da lamarinsa.
Ana haka sai sarkin Gobir Bawa Jan Gwarzo rannan ya aika masa yazo, nufinsa idan yazo ya halaka shi. Sannan kuma ya aikewa malumman yankinsa duka suzo domin su shaida kisan shehu Usmanu da Jama'arsa.
Sai dai, lokacin da Shehu Usmanu ya riski fadar Sarki Bawa, sai ya tarar ya tafi Sallar Idi, don haka shima sai yaja zugar mutanensa suka tafi.
Wani abun mamaki daya faru a zamanin shine, Sarki Bawa da jama'arsa suna masallaci don sallar idi sai ga zugar shehu Usmanu tana tahowa, aikuwa nan take mutanen Sarki Bawa suka tashi fuuu izuwa gaban shehu, ance Bawa kaɗai aka bari a wurin. Kuma tun daga nan ya tsorata da lamarin shehu Usmanu.
Da aka kare sallar Idi, sarki Bawa ya zauna cikin barorinsa da Bayinsa cikin damuwa, yayinda shehu Usmanu ke tare da zugar Malumma sama da dubu suna ta caffa tsakaninsu. Shine har akace da wani abokin sarki Bawa ya lura da da halin dayake ciki, sai yace masa "Ya sarki, kayi sani cewar mutum ɗaya ba zai iya aikata abinda kayi nufi ba a zuciyarka, sai dai Allah".
Sai Bawa ya kira shehu Usmanu gareshi, ya umarci a bashi awo na zinariya guda ɗari. Amma sai shehu yace masa " Kayi sani ya wannan sarki, dani da jama'ata bama bukatar dukiyarka, sai dai ga bukatu na a gareka
Na ɗaya, kabar ni inyi kira zuwa ga addinin Allah a garinka.
Na biyu kada a hana kowa dake son karɓar addini.
Na uku ka sanya Alfarma ga dukkan masu hula da rawani.
Na huɗu ka saki dukkan waɗanda ke ɗaure a kurkukun ka.
Sannan na biyar a daina amsar haraji mai tsauwalawa daga talakawa."
Abinda akayi kenan, sarkin Gobir yace " Na baka dukkan abinda ka nema, na kuma sahale maka yin duk abinda kake son yi acikin garin mu"
Daga cikin fursunonin da aka saki a lokacin, har da Sarkin Zamfara Abarshi.
Shi kuwa Bawa Jan Gwarzo, sai nemi da shehu Yayi masa addu'a yaci garin Maraɗi da yaki. Saboda an samu a lokacin, adawa tayi tsanani tsakanin masarautar Gobir data maraɗi, har kuma cinye Maraɗin ya gagari sarki Bawa
Nan take Shehu Usmanu yayi masa addua, yace masa " Na baka maraɗi, zaka kuwa cinyeta da zarar ka sauka gareta, amma kada ka wuce ta"
Daga nan Bawa da Shehu usmanu sukayi sallama, shehu ya juya da jama'arsa ya nufi Degel, shikuwa Bawa ya tsaya jim yana kallon Shehu yana tunani gami da mamaki. Sannan yakira sunan mutanensa har sau uku yana mai cewa "Jama'ar Gobir!, jamaar Gobir!!, Jamaar Gobir!!!, kunga wancan Bafillatanin? Ina baku labari cewa babu sauran Sarki a bayana, sai dai Uban Unguwa"
Sai kuma ya shiga tara dakaru da kayan faɗa, domin zuwa murkushe garin Maraɗi da yaki.
Ace ya tara gagarumar runduna wadda rakuma arbain ne ke ɗaukar mata goran ruwansha, da kayan faɗa masu yawa, sannan suka nufi maraɗi.
Haka Kuma kamar yadda shehu Usmanu yayi masa albishir, Bawa yaci Maraɗi da yaki cikin kankanin lokaci.
To amma da yaga wannan nasarar ta samu, sai yace "Munga adduar shehu, yanzu kuma zamuga aikin Masun mu"
Kurum sai yaja tawagarsa suka shige maraɗi izuwa wani gari mai suna 'Dan Kace'.
Ai kuwa da saukarsa a garin, mutanen garin suka ce dawa Allah ya haɗamu ba dakai ba, sai suka rufar masa da yaki, suka kuma samu gagarumar galaba akansa, har takai sun kashe ɗansa da yake matukar so.
Haka Sarki Bawa Jan Gwarzo ya taho da sauran dakarun da suka rage masa cikin kunchi da ɓacin zuciya, kafin ya iso Birninsa Alkalawa, ajali ya riskeshi a wani gari mai suna Naya...
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