Tarihi: Asalin Bak'in Mutum da Mazaunin sa
(Kashi na goma )
Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
TARIHIN DAULAR KUSHAWA
A hakika, zuwa yanzu babu taka maiman lokaci da kuma yadda daular kushawa ta bakaken fata ta soma wanzuwa.
Littafin 'The History of Ethiopia' na A. H. m Jones da Elizabeth Monroe (1935) ya fadi cewa mafi karbuwa a tarihin masarautar Ethiopia wadda daga baya ake kiran ta da 'Habesha' shine; Tarihin masarautar ya fara ne tun zamanin Sarki Solomon (Shi ake hasashe a matsayin Annabi Sulaiman A.S, ya rayu kuma a wajajen shekaru dari tara kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S).
A lokacin, ance sarki Solomon yana son gina wata gagarumar Fada, sai ya tura sako izuwa dukkan fatake da matafiya da su tafi sassan duniya guda hudu su samo masa kayayyakin alatu, shikuma zai biya su da zinare da azurfa. A cikin fataken da suka amsa wannan kira, da akwai wani mai suna Tamrin, bafatake ne mai zuwa birnin bakaken fata. Shine kuma ya kaiwa Sarki Solomon jan zinare mafi daraja a wancan lokaci tare da bakin katako wanda tsutsotsi basa iya yiwa lahani. Mamakin masarautar daya gani yasa daya dawo gida ya baiwa Sarauniya Makeda labari., a lokacin itace shugabar bakaken fata. Koda taji wannan labari, sai tace zata je ta ganewa idanuwanta. To da taje ne akace sai suka kulla aure har kuma ciki ya shiga gareta. Bayan ta dawo gida ta haifi yaro mai suna Menelik. Daya girma yace yana son zuwa wurin uban sa. Haka kuwa akayi, ya tashi daga garinsu izuwa Jerussalam garin da Sarki Solomon yake da fadar sa. Bayan yaga uban nasa kuma da jimawa sai ya nuna zai dawo garin mahaifiyarsa. Sarki solomon yayi kokarin gamsar dashi ya zauna ya gajeshi mulki, amma yaki. Don haka a karshe sai sarkin ya hado shi da wasu fadawa kabilar su ta yahudawa, suka taho birnin bakar fata suka d'ora da mulki.
Ance sunan garin da Sarauniya Makeda tayi mulki 'Seba ko Sheba'. Ance kuma garin ya kafu ne daga 'Seba' dan Kush, dan Hamu dan Annabi Nuhu A.S.
Amma dai, wani marubuci mai suna Abu Saleh, ya sanya jimawar sarakunan bakaken fata tun a zamanin Annabi Musa A. S (1400BC) a littafin sa mai suna ' History of the Churches and monasteries of Egypt', tunda masanan tarihi da yawa sun ruwaito cewa Annabi Musa A.S ya auri bakar fata. Saivake ganin zuriyar suce ta soma mulki a daular bakaken fata.
Wani Marubuci mai suna David Keys yayi rubutu mai taken 'Kerma: Black Africa's Oldest civilisation'. Inda ya fadi Cewar kasar bak'ak'en fata (Nubia) na kunshe da rukunin mutane lokaci mai tsawo daya gabata tun kafin fara sarautar fir'aunanci a Egypt a wajajen shekara ta 3100BC.
Ya kara da cewa "a wajajen shekara ta 2500BC ne mutanen egypt suka fara tashi daga egypt zuwa kudu, inda Nubia take kenan. Kuma daga wurin wadannan mutane mafi yawan sanin mu game da kushawa yazo garemu."
Ance a wuraren shekara ta 2030BC gwamnatoci suka kafu a biranen bakaken fata sakamakon zaman kara zube da akeyi a baya. Kowanne birni na yankin ya zama yana da shugabanci tare da dokoki, duk da dai a iya yanzu babu takamaimen sunayen biranen da suka kafu a wancan lokaci tare da sarakunan su.
Amma dai an samu cewa fir'aunan egypt Thutmose ya kaiwa daulolin hari a wuraren shekara ta 1502BC, tare da kwace shugabancin su. Daga nan kuma ya zamo egypt ke mulkin kasashen bakaken fata na wancan lokacin, inda aka rinka kwaso albarkatun kasa misalin zinare da karafa daga kasashen ana kaiwa egypt. A wancan lokacin ma, ance a egypt ake koyar da 'ya'yan sarakunan bakaken fata ilimi.
Ance tun daga shekara ta 3000BC garin kerma (Dukki gel) ya kafu. Nan ne kuma ake gani a matsayin babban birnin dayafi sauran biraren bakin mutum na wancan lokaci girma, kuma shi ake kallo a matsayin daular bakaken fata tun daga shekara ta 2500BC har zuwa ta 1502BC. Sunayen sarakunan farko na birnin ya bace, amma dai an samu cewa sarki Kaa yayi mulki a wajajen shekara ta 1900BC, sai Sarki Teriahi a 1880BC, sai Awawa a 1870VC, sai Utatrerses a 1850BC, sai Nedjeh a 1510BC.
A wuraren shekara ta 1070BC (wasu kuma sunce 1100BC) ne daular ta samu yancin kanta, watakila saboda rikice-rikecen da suka addabi egypt a wancan lokacin. Wannan ne ya kawo mulkin Sarki Alara, wanda tarihi ke rubutawa a matsayin wanda ya hade garuruwan bakaken fata tare da soma daular kushawa (Cushite kingdome). Ance birnin daular a garin Napata aka kafa shi a wancan lokaci.
Sarki kashta shine ya gaji Alara, a lokacin sa ne kuma bakaken fata suka fara mamaye kasashen egypt, tunda ance sai da suka kwace garuruwan Thebes da Elephantine tare da wasu garuruwan dake kudancin kasar ta egypt.
Sarki Piye shine ya gaji Kashta. An sanya zamanin mulkinsa a wuraren shekara ta 730BC. Kuma a shekara ta 712BC ne ya jagoranci karbe iko da egypt din kachokan. Tun daga nan ne kuma ya zamo bakin mutum ke mulkin Egypt har izuwa shekara ta 656BC.
(Kashi na goma )
Daga Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo
TARIHIN DAULAR KUSHAWA
A hakika, zuwa yanzu babu taka maiman lokaci da kuma yadda daular kushawa ta bakaken fata ta soma wanzuwa.
Littafin 'The History of Ethiopia' na A. H. m Jones da Elizabeth Monroe (1935) ya fadi cewa mafi karbuwa a tarihin masarautar Ethiopia wadda daga baya ake kiran ta da 'Habesha' shine; Tarihin masarautar ya fara ne tun zamanin Sarki Solomon (Shi ake hasashe a matsayin Annabi Sulaiman A.S, ya rayu kuma a wajajen shekaru dari tara kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S).
A lokacin, ance sarki Solomon yana son gina wata gagarumar Fada, sai ya tura sako izuwa dukkan fatake da matafiya da su tafi sassan duniya guda hudu su samo masa kayayyakin alatu, shikuma zai biya su da zinare da azurfa. A cikin fataken da suka amsa wannan kira, da akwai wani mai suna Tamrin, bafatake ne mai zuwa birnin bakaken fata. Shine kuma ya kaiwa Sarki Solomon jan zinare mafi daraja a wancan lokaci tare da bakin katako wanda tsutsotsi basa iya yiwa lahani. Mamakin masarautar daya gani yasa daya dawo gida ya baiwa Sarauniya Makeda labari., a lokacin itace shugabar bakaken fata. Koda taji wannan labari, sai tace zata je ta ganewa idanuwanta. To da taje ne akace sai suka kulla aure har kuma ciki ya shiga gareta. Bayan ta dawo gida ta haifi yaro mai suna Menelik. Daya girma yace yana son zuwa wurin uban sa. Haka kuwa akayi, ya tashi daga garinsu izuwa Jerussalam garin da Sarki Solomon yake da fadar sa. Bayan yaga uban nasa kuma da jimawa sai ya nuna zai dawo garin mahaifiyarsa. Sarki solomon yayi kokarin gamsar dashi ya zauna ya gajeshi mulki, amma yaki. Don haka a karshe sai sarkin ya hado shi da wasu fadawa kabilar su ta yahudawa, suka taho birnin bakar fata suka d'ora da mulki.
Ance sunan garin da Sarauniya Makeda tayi mulki 'Seba ko Sheba'. Ance kuma garin ya kafu ne daga 'Seba' dan Kush, dan Hamu dan Annabi Nuhu A.S.
Amma dai, wani marubuci mai suna Abu Saleh, ya sanya jimawar sarakunan bakaken fata tun a zamanin Annabi Musa A. S (1400BC) a littafin sa mai suna ' History of the Churches and monasteries of Egypt', tunda masanan tarihi da yawa sun ruwaito cewa Annabi Musa A.S ya auri bakar fata. Saivake ganin zuriyar suce ta soma mulki a daular bakaken fata.
Wani Marubuci mai suna David Keys yayi rubutu mai taken 'Kerma: Black Africa's Oldest civilisation'. Inda ya fadi Cewar kasar bak'ak'en fata (Nubia) na kunshe da rukunin mutane lokaci mai tsawo daya gabata tun kafin fara sarautar fir'aunanci a Egypt a wajajen shekara ta 3100BC.
Ya kara da cewa "a wajajen shekara ta 2500BC ne mutanen egypt suka fara tashi daga egypt zuwa kudu, inda Nubia take kenan. Kuma daga wurin wadannan mutane mafi yawan sanin mu game da kushawa yazo garemu."
Ance a wuraren shekara ta 2030BC gwamnatoci suka kafu a biranen bakaken fata sakamakon zaman kara zube da akeyi a baya. Kowanne birni na yankin ya zama yana da shugabanci tare da dokoki, duk da dai a iya yanzu babu takamaimen sunayen biranen da suka kafu a wancan lokaci tare da sarakunan su.
Amma dai an samu cewa fir'aunan egypt Thutmose ya kaiwa daulolin hari a wuraren shekara ta 1502BC, tare da kwace shugabancin su. Daga nan kuma ya zamo egypt ke mulkin kasashen bakaken fata na wancan lokacin, inda aka rinka kwaso albarkatun kasa misalin zinare da karafa daga kasashen ana kaiwa egypt. A wancan lokacin ma, ance a egypt ake koyar da 'ya'yan sarakunan bakaken fata ilimi.
Ance tun daga shekara ta 3000BC garin kerma (Dukki gel) ya kafu. Nan ne kuma ake gani a matsayin babban birnin dayafi sauran biraren bakin mutum na wancan lokaci girma, kuma shi ake kallo a matsayin daular bakaken fata tun daga shekara ta 2500BC har zuwa ta 1502BC. Sunayen sarakunan farko na birnin ya bace, amma dai an samu cewa sarki Kaa yayi mulki a wajajen shekara ta 1900BC, sai Sarki Teriahi a 1880BC, sai Awawa a 1870VC, sai Utatrerses a 1850BC, sai Nedjeh a 1510BC.
A wuraren shekara ta 1070BC (wasu kuma sunce 1100BC) ne daular ta samu yancin kanta, watakila saboda rikice-rikecen da suka addabi egypt a wancan lokacin. Wannan ne ya kawo mulkin Sarki Alara, wanda tarihi ke rubutawa a matsayin wanda ya hade garuruwan bakaken fata tare da soma daular kushawa (Cushite kingdome). Ance birnin daular a garin Napata aka kafa shi a wancan lokaci.
Sarki kashta shine ya gaji Alara, a lokacin sa ne kuma bakaken fata suka fara mamaye kasashen egypt, tunda ance sai da suka kwace garuruwan Thebes da Elephantine tare da wasu garuruwan dake kudancin kasar ta egypt.
Sarki Piye shine ya gaji Kashta. An sanya zamanin mulkinsa a wuraren shekara ta 730BC. Kuma a shekara ta 712BC ne ya jagoranci karbe iko da egypt din kachokan. Tun daga nan ne kuma ya zamo bakin mutum ke mulkin Egypt har izuwa shekara ta 656BC.
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